Human Embryonic Kidney Cells

In figure A: Human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with constructs for carrying out this experiment. Immuno-precipitation was carried out of tagged PAG with an antibody against regulator Myc, its interaction is studied here with SRC & BRK follwed by immunoblotting analyzation. The result of this experiment was delaying in electrophorectic mobility of tagged PAG protein, when it was co-expressed with SRC. This delay is considered due to hyper-phosphorylation. However, on co-expression of PAG and BRK this band shift was less evident. In figure C: Co-transfection of HEK 293 cells with MYC-PAG and SRC followed by treatment in the absence or presence of SRC kinase inhibitor SU6656 (5 M) for atleast 1 h. PAG was immunoprecipitated by antibody against MYC, and the binding of CSK was compared by immunoblotting. The disturbance of link b/w CSK and PAG was observed on weakening SRC activity by a small molecular inhibitor SU6656, this experiment illustrated the importance of SRC kinase activity for functioning of CSK. B) to test the same hypothesis with controls, take breast cancer frozen samples of different patients, divide the sample in two groups one will be the test group other the control group. The control group will be given doses of anti tumor medication (say tamoxifen for breast cancer). RNA will be extracted from both groups using trizol and will be followed by purification assay. The breast cancer cell lines will be transfected with empty vectors or pcDNA3-MKP3-V5. Further the transfectants will be placed in media MEM along with phenol red. Followed by SDS PAGE electrophoresis, and transfer to nitrocellulose membrane. After transferring they will be incubated with primary antibody for an hour or above then with secondary antibody to observe the chemiluminescence with a reagent. The cells will then be lysed in a buffer, phosphatase reaction carried out will be observed via assays and transfected cells will be compared with control ones to whom tamoxifen was given.

Beauty Within The Cultures by Phillip Namara Essay

How do you define beauty? Is it a small waist and large breasts? A perfect smile and straight hair? If you flip through the pages of an American fashion magazine, you may think beauty is narrowly defined†¦but that’s not the case. From thick ankles to small noses, women from five continents are revealing what’s considered beautiful in their countries. â€Å"It’s a way of connecting yourselves from your kitchen, your living room, your bedroom †¦ to the rest of the world.† The first culture I will speak about are the Koreans. In any subway car you will see young Korean women checking their hair and makeup in mirrors that come attached to their cell phones. For those with less image-savvy devices, the windows provide ample reflection for women to fretfully fix stray stands of hair or rouge streaks of foundation. This preoccupation with beauty is no less reflected in how many Korean women dress. High heels, mini-skirts and frilled blouses are not reserved for nights out on the town – they are the norm for many women going about their daily business. While looking good is a matter of boosting self-esteem for many women, there are often more practical reasons for going under the knife. A lot of women believe that their chances of employment are largely dependent on their looks and will improve significantly after a cosmetic touch-up. In this highly competitive society, where it is routine to send your photo attached to your resume, a pretty face can give you the edge in a job or college interview. The next country/culture we will look at is Africa. There are some countries in Africa who have recently adopted a new definition of beauty accepting the same beliefs as Western culture. However, many countries maintain a quite different perspective of what beauty means within Africa. This different perspective defines beauty as: * Large Breasts: In some countries, women with large chests are much more desirable and considered much more beautiful than women with small chests. * Ample Backside: In some countries, generally the same ones that consider big breasts to be beautiful, a large backside is desirable and considered beautiful. * Fat vs. Skinny: Although it has become a newly accepted form of beauty, being skinny is not desirable in every country in Africa. There are countries where brides are force fed in order to make them fat or to make them more desirable to their male counterparts. Although this may not be considered healthy, it is what many in the culture of these countries consider beautiful. * Skin Color: Another aspect of beauty in Africa relates to skin color. Many countries believe that a lighter skinned African woman is more desirable than those who have darker skin. Therefore, a market has grown for skin creams that will lighten the complexion of African women in order to make them more attr active to the opposite sex. Importance of Curves in African Beauty Looking at this list of what beauty means in certain parts of Africa, we can deduce that the more curves a woman has in some countries across the African continent, the more desirable she is to the opposite sex. The idea of this form of accepted beauty has caused many clothing designers in Africa to increase their sizes available in their clothing lines in order to show their acceptance that even a bigger woman can be beautiful. In Southwestern Asia, the area often known as the Middle East, the rejection of Western culture and beauty standards, along with the insurgence of Islamic traditions, has seen the rise in more traditional, Arabic clothing. This clothing tends to cover more of the body and gives only an alluring glimpse at the feminine figure within as a clear denunciation of the revealing outfits worn by many in the Western world. These outfits display the humble, demure and secret beauty of the wearer, whose husband is the only one with access to the body hidden within the folds of fabric. Still, with increasing globalization, many Western beauty ideals have spread throughout the world, while cultures with little contact outside their indigenous communities continue to observe their own beauty practices. Either way, ideals of beauty are ever-present throughout the diverse communities of world. Beauty Throughout The Ages It’s hard to believe that once upon a time, women were celebrated for their natural god-given bodies. In fact, the female standard of beauty has gone through many drastic changes over the last several hundred years. I’ve compiled a timeline of all the major trends over the past 600 years, starting with the Renaissance up until the last decade. Renaissance Body Type: The ideal Renaissance woman was more voluptuous than any other time in history. Paintings from this era depict women who would be considered beyond curvy by today’s standards – but at that time, these full-figured ladies were the epitome of sexiness. For the first time in recorded history, women were prized for their natural bodies. Beauty: The term â€Å"blondes have more fun† may have stemmed from the Renaissance, because they believed that the lighter the hair color, the better. As for make-up, pale ivory skin was considered sexy, and vermillion was used to tint the lips to a deep red color. Pale complexion and blood red lips – it seems like the Renaissance era may have originated the popular vampire-chic look. Victorian Body Type: Unlike Renaissance women, Victorian women were very body conscious. Sexy meant having the smallest waistline humanly possible, and in order to achieve this look, women wore corsets. Some corsets were wound so tight that women could hardly breathe, to the point where sitting down was completely out of the question. Many women would even break ribs trying to get their waistlines down to an inconceivable 12 inches. Beauty: Modesty was the operative word when it came to Victorian makeup. High-class women were expected to use makeup sparingly. Bold colors were considered trashy, and reserved for prostitutes. Some religions at the time even proclaimed beauty products to be â€Å"the look of the devil.† 1920’s Era Body Type: The 1920’s was a time when women didn’t want to look like women at all. We can’t imagine that men today would find this sexy, but some women from the 20’s era would even bind their chests with strips of cloth to achieve a â€Å"little boy† look – quite contradictory to some of the measures that today’s women take in order to amplify their chests. The loose silhouette of the flapper dress was in stark contrast to the corseted waist of the Victorian era. Elastic webbed girdles replaced corsets and gave off the look of a flat boyish abdomen. Beauty: Going right along with the boyish look, the hair bob or finger wave was a big trend. Bold make-up, which had once been considered â€Å"trashy,† was now considered sexy. Powder was applied to make the skin look as pale as possible, and eyebrows were lifted and penciled in to appear thin and bold. Kohl was used to line the eye and achieve an overall dramatic look. 1930-1970s Era Body Type: As they became more body conscious, women started to pay attention to what they ate. Fashions accented the arms and legs, so women lifted light weights to build muscle tone. The new padded stretch cotton bra was introduced – something we’re sure all men and women are very thankful for. Designers like Chanel (credited as the originator of the â€Å"little black dress†), Dior, and Elsa Schiaparelli started designing glamorous attire that allowed women to show off their feminine curves. Beauty: Hairstyles became more feminine than they had been in the 1920’s. Hair color varied, depending on which movie star one was trying to emulate. Jean Harlow made platinum blonde a trend, and meanwhile, Rita Hayworth made being a redhead popular. Last, but not least, Marlene Dietrich was a symbol for all the brunettes out there. Make-up became a little less drag, and more girl-next-door than in the 20’s. The pasty white skin trend was final ly passà ©, and women started opting for foundations closer to their natural complexions.

Reflective Report for a Group Presentation

[pic] Reflective Report Introduction After finishing the presentation and looking back on the effort we've made as a 4-member team, I can clearly see that we had a lot of strengths but also a lot of weaknesses as a team. The result of what we have achieved is that our presentation was one of the best. My experience at the University of Greenwich so far I've been a student in University of Greenwich since October, and I can honestly say that I am more than pleased with the lessons I've attended. The majority of the teachers are highly educated, so that gives us the opportunity to learn more things through the experience they have and as Albert Einstein said †The only source of knowledge is experience†. I think since studying at the University of Greenwich of all my expectations have been met through the material our teachers provide us. Generally, the high standard of all the courses makes me try more and more and gives me motivation, forgetting the difficulties I face. I feel very comfortable being with my other colleagues and since I am a student of the University I became very social and the good knowledge of the English language gives me an advantage that other students don't have. The advantage of working as a group Thinking back on the experience of our group exercise I can hopefully say that I met my expectations fair enough. Unfortunately, we faced a problem with the presentation so we couldn't show some pictures of what we were describing. Working with the other 3 colleagues, taught me cooperation with other people, something that all of us will definitely meet through our ‘’working life’’. It was very beneficial to work as a team because as Ken Blanchard said †None of us is as smart as all of us†. That means that one mind is better than one and the teamwork provides more ideas that an individual person. So, the result of our presentation came from the feedback we received from the other colleagues, who were very satisfied with our work. A problem we had as a team was that it was sometimes difficult to arrange the time we could meet to finish the presentation. That thing was caused by the different schedules everyone had, which is acceptable. Conclusion Ending my reflective report, it is clear that working with other colleagues, makes me improve my working skills as a result of knowing the difficulties I will probably face in a real working environment. It is known that this exercise will also help me during the first year, since i would have more experience than before in other presentations more difficult than this one. References 1) †The only source of knowledge is experience. † Albert Einstein / March 14th 1879 – April 18th 1955 / theoretical physicist 2) †None of us is as smart as all of us. † Ken Blanchard / born May 6th 1939 / American author and management expert

Economics-how does ethics influence regulation both in the U.S and Essay

Economics-how does ethics influence regulation both in the U.S and abroad - Essay Example Thus the influence of ethics in shaping up regulation is essential to the overall well-being of the governmental and/or private entities, working within the country’s boundaries. It gives them the edge to explore new grounds and be vocal about the same. (Elliston, 1988) It facilitates in building policies which could assist not only their business from a rational standpoint but also the plight of its stakeholders, which could be far and wide, varied and distinctive – all at the same time. The ethical debates are thus facilitative in the fact that the vision is followed to the core and the government regulations which are set about under such a process are appreciated by the people at large and the governmental circles within the country. All said and done, the role of ethics plays to the positive effects of any government regulation, be it a huge one or of a very small

Management- Data for Sale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management- Data for Sale - Essay Example (Rugge & Glossbrenner, 1997) 1. Most data brokers do not fully investigate the client that they are selling information to. This results in impersonation being used as a primary tool by hackers to acquire personal information from data brokers. There is a high probability that this information can be misused and incidents in the past have proven that such information is misused. (Baynes, 2011) Not only is the information provided by data brokers subject to misuse intentionally, there are other instances where the information has been abused unintentionally. There are myriad cases of personal information being lost from the laptops and other resources of data mining companies and data brokers. This poses another serious question as to the security methods employed by data brokers. Again this signals towards an unethical method of dealing with security because there is as yet little legislation to push data brokers to ensure that all information is retained safely. (Whiting, 2006) 2. T he unrestrained proliferation of data brokers has a straight negative consequence. The increasing numbers of data brokers are facing tough competition in an unregulated market so they are forced to use any means to reach greater profitability.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Case Study Example This can be attained well through the gathering of information from the various departments, evaluating it and ensuring a consultative decision and communicates in good time through the use the best communication method that is not prone to distortion. Having this in place, the business is good to go and the manager only comes in to monitor internal as well as external factors that threaten the progress of the business and to give a way forward to curb them effectively. As a manager, Bill has all these power to execute to show his effectiveness in managerial skills in his new post. An organization cannot move forward without people working together to achieve the set goals and objectives. High employee turnover can greatly affect businesses and can lead to low productivity levels. Under-motivated employees tend to be unhappy with their job. They always feel overworked, under-appreciated and poorly paid and in turn. These can eventually lead to negative attitude and behavior towards work like those that were witnessed in Sally at her place of work. For the management to tactfully deal with her case, she should be informed of the organization’s mission and target to be achieved in the best way through the use of better communication skills to avoid misconception of the management’s intention. She should be given a brief job description to help her know what is expected of her and what she is accountable of. Sally should get motivated by simply being allowed to contribute and bring new ideas for improvement to the table and to have input in the whol e process. This brings a sense of ownership in the business. She should get enrichment in form of skill-building and training through workshops to let her work independently with less supervision. For Bill to prove performance, he should focus on the workforce productivity that ensures that employees work more efficiently and effectively to have the

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Speech - Essay Example It is the character that made mother Teresa famous during her time and even many years after she died. She left a mark that has not faded. Nobody has been equated to her, and she is the reason as to why her life is celebrated by all people who appreciate helping others. There are many worshipers and followers of Christ in the world. However, not many are remembered for their faith. Mother Teresa stands as a beacon of light since all her deeds were Godly. She has not been associated with any sin, and no critics have been raised against her. She was able to live a humble life and help other people despite not being rich. Her message was proclaimed through her actions unlike most believers who do it by word of mouth. She always emphasized that rich and poor are equal, and they all deserve attention and help. She always taught people around her how to love and care for the needy. â€Å"Love is not measurable by money or anything material† was her main message each time she spoke to people (Spink 198). Accomplishing her mission was not easy. She was subject to criticism and struggles were her way of life. The unsupportive society did not stop her from achieving what she was destined to achieve. She was not discriminative, and she believed that offering a helping hand what her main reason for living. It is surprising that she loved all the people that she came across. She would not take a meal while someone within her proximity slept hungry. Her firm foundation in faith and love kept her sailing and rising above the odds. Despite being a Christian, she helped everyone regardless of their religion, beliefs or race. She always said that judging other people formed a barrier to extending support. She offered her help to anyone who needed it. She was not rich and did not have enough support for all people. However, she ensured that the people she encountered felt loved and

TOURETTE SYNDROME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TOURETTE SYNDROME - Essay Example The purpose of the paper is to identify and describe the most typical causes and symptoms of TS, explain how it affects a patient psychologically and describe current treatment methods and medication applied to patients with TS. Speech and language difficulties have also been implicated. Recent research has focused on linguistic aspects of vocal tics, suggesting that such tics do not occur randomly but are located according to the clausal boundaries or at points of low information within sentences. Other research indicates word finding and speech volume regulation difficulties. The incidence of TS appears to be unrelated to race or socioeconomic status, although individuals of Jewish or East European heritage may be more commonly affected. People with these origins may have a greater genetic predisposition toward TS, but it seems more likely that referral bias and other cultural factors affect the expression and tolerance of the symptoms. There is no apparent relation of TS to birth weight, birth order, parental age, medical history of individuals or families, or psychiatric history. TS is understood generically to be a complex tic disorder with a lifelong course. A triad of components is necessary to make the diagnosis; the presence of generalized tics and involuntary utterances that may be obscene or suggestive, onset in childhood, and a course that involves a fluctuation of signs throughout the life span but typically is not severely disabling (Heyman and Chowdhury, 2004). The factors that influence the continuity of tic disorders from childhood to adol escence to adulthood are not well understood. Researchers (Waltz, 2001) assume that there is probably an interaction between maturation of the central nervous system and emotional distress along the maturational course. Environmental factors (e.g., toxins and infections) and genetic factors have been cited as possible etiologic factors in this group of disorders. Also, â€Å"and physical exhaustion will

Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Euthanasia - Essay Example Voluntary euthanasia occurs when the patient requests to be killed while non-voluntary euthanasia occurs when the killed patient did not consent to the killing. Assisted suicide can also be classified as euthanasia when an individual provides information and guides the patient in committing suicide. Euthanasia by action occurs when individual actions like providing lethal injection leads to the patient’s death while Euthanasia by omission occurs when the care giver withholds important care such as provision of food, water and medication thus leading to the death of the patient (Tulloch, 1999 p 34). However, for an act or omission to qualify as euthanasia, the said act or omission should be intended to cause death to the terminally ill patient. The issue of euthanasia has attracted intensive debate with proponents asserting that euthanasia should be legalized since it eliminates patient’s sufferings. The opponents of euthanasia assert that euthanasia is a rejection of the value of human life (Tulloch, 1999 p 35). Proponents of euthanasia assert that allowing people to die with dignity and avoiding the terminal illness is good in eliminating human suffering. The Beneficence argument for euthanasia claims that terminally ill patients should be prevented from dying painfully and slowly by allowing euthanasia (Buse, 2008 p 7). Continued extraordinary care will stress the immediate loved ones since it just prolongs the death of the terminally ill patient. They assert that many terminally illness patients should have the right to choose when to die and avoid the terminal suffering. According to the argument of mercy, allowing the terminally ill patients to continue suffering is inhumane and cruel. The life of terminally ill patients should be ended through lethal injection in order to avoid suffering and pain associated with the extraordinary medication (Buse, 2008 p 8). Proponents also assert

Curriculum Development Assignment ( French Secondary PGCE) Essay

Curriculum Development Assignment ( French Secondary PGCE) - Essay Example In this context, one would define an authentic learning experience as one which would prepare students for real-life situations (using props, or realia, if necessary and available) in order to facilitate the learning process. Students, then, are not seen from the philosophical lens of being merely â€Å"vessels to be filled with knowledge,† as Paulo Freire might have argued. Nor are students coming to classroom with their minds a tabula rossa, a blank slate on which one must fill their heads with ideas—as John Locke might very well have argued. Instead, students have knowledge already, prior knowledge that can be tapped into and used in dramatic situations in order to facilitate new learning, weaving what they know in with what they don’t know. Additionally, students have ideas already in their minds about the language they are learning and how exactly they might like to go about learning in their own manner—but, perhaps outside of a drama-inspired French class, they might not receive as many opportunities to be creative in secondary school subjects as they might with a class designed like this one. Indeed, it is the students who make the classroom setting and the learning fun by adding their own knowledge or surprise â€Å"twist† to the subject matter’s material, if you will. ... In every truly good drama, there are always elements of serious academic study and research that go behind every academic project worthy of some undertaking. Drama is a way for students to use different kinds of intelligences as defined by Howard Gardner’s Theory Of Multiple Intelligences, which are common knowledge to educators everywhere—the different intelligences being bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, verbal-linguistic, logical, spatial, and naturalist intelligences all combined. For example, students may use their interpersonal skills interacting with each other as actors and actresses. Intrapersonal—or extremely introverted students—may learn to be more outgoing and even have their own soliloquies. Musical students may choose to sing in their dramatic presentation, in French, as part of their particular project. Verbal-linguistic students might be interested in reciting long monologues or dialogues that they themselves have written in French, and then perform them in a lively and witty verbal discourse. Students who are visual may use their spatial intelligence in order to draw or design temporary, movable scenery or provide visual imagery for the presentation—which could include technology such as a PowerPoint or a presentation on a SmartBoard (if such technologies are available). Students with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence may be good with activities requiring movement and the proper placement of one’s presence on-stage. Students with naturalistic intelligence may incorporate nature and ethical treatment for animals into their dramatic presentations. As an additional bonus, some students may have high moral intelligence, which may lead them to produce a morality play, for

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Assignment 2 - Essay Example Such infections lead a patient to spend more time in ICU and hospital; the infection is responsible for a mortality rate of about 9%. The infection is estimated to occur 48 hours, or more after the patient receives tracheal intubation. Such pneumonia infection may be early onset or when it occurs at the initial stages or late onset at the late stages of mechanical ventilation. Below is the appraisal of several studies on VAP, with their findings and study designs illustrated, and a critical review of their strengths and weaknesses where relevant. Tolentino-DelosReyes, F. A., Ruppert, D. S., & Pamela, K. S. (2007). Evidence-based practice: Use of the ventilator bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia. American Journal of Critical Care, 3 (4), 12-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17192523 The study examined the knowledge of critical care nurses related to the use of ventilator bundles in preventing VAP. It was found nurses who complied with study findings improved n thei r knowledge and practical performance in preventing VAP cases. The study showed that short education session can indeed improve the performance of nurses and their knowledge. The study investigated factors that contribute to VAP. It was found that VAP rate increased in in CCU patients by 4%, from 24% to 28% in the fourth day caused by high secretions. Therefore, the education program on nurses to improve their knowledge regarding the use of VAP bundles was successful and resulted to the required change in nurses’ practices (Hawe et al., 2009). Zaydfudim, V. et al. (2009). Implementation of a real-time compliance dashboard to help reduce SICU ventilator-associated pneumonia with the ventilator bundle. Archives of Surgery, 144(7), 656-62 doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2009.117. This study investigated the effects of an electronic dashboard in improving compliance in reduction of VAP rates, and bundle parameters in surgical intensive care units (SICU). It was found that dashboard interve ntion increased the ventilator bundle compliance in SICU from 39% to 89% after the study. Therefore, the article demonstrates that adherence to using such ventilator bundles was effective in reducing VAP cases considerably. The study investigated the relationship between use of ventilator bundles and VAP infections. It was found that compliance with ventilator bundle improved from 39% to 89% by the end of July 2008 decreasing VAP rates by about 6.0 per 1000 ventilator days, from an initial mean of 15.2 t0 9.3 per 1000 ventilator days following the dashboard intervention. Therefore use of the dashboard resulted to the required change (Zambuto et al., 2010). Hawe, S. C., Ellis, S. K., Cairns, S. C., & Longmate, A. (2009). Reduction of ventilator associated pneumonia: Active versus passive guideline implementation. Intensive Care Med. 35(7), 1180-6 doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1461-0. Epub The article involved the use of an active multifaceted bundle aimed at improving staff compliance with evidence based practices in reducing VAP cases. A VIP prevention bundle implemented actively and integrated in staff evaluation process resulted in compliance with VAP bundle use. The article analyzed VAP incidences and both mortality and morbidity rates in ICUs. In the findings, compliance with a VAP bundle increased with implementation of active multifacet

Belonging in Ancestors and Feliks Essay Example for Free

Belonging in Ancestors and Feliks Essay Fundamentally one can only really feel a true sense of belonging for a nominal moment in time. The actual instance of belonging is intangible and not permanent. Due to this, any form of belonging will involve compromise, sacrifice and some degree of tension as different ideals compete for supremacy. We will continue to accumulate different senses of belonging and disregard the others as we grow, evolve and adapt to different situations. Due to the varying and conflicting belonging ideals, we will become frustrated and the joy of belonging may become a burden upon us at times. This frustration and momentary joy of searching for ones place of belonging are explored in Skrzynekcis Ancestors and Feliks, as well as Homecoming a novel by Cynthia Voigt. It implores the audience of these texts to relate to the happenings of the characters in the texts. The texts requires us to place ourselves in the shoes of the characters feeling their sense of connectedness, belonging and self identity through the links of family ancestors and or heritage. The poem Ancestors allows the reader to be positioned to feel the connection through our own ancestors and the attributes they bring to the forefront. They allow us to delve into the unknown or forgotten realms of our own history and allows us to draw upon these memories in order to feel content with our own sense of identity within society. It is a basic human notion of feeling as though we are not alone and we are apart of something greater then ourselves. In the poem Shrzynecki, there is an attempt to illustrate to the audience that he feels a sense of isolation in regards to the separation from his ancestors. The poem represents that without a clear understanding of our own history or ancestry we lack a clear sense of self as we are unaware of our past values, motives and/or attributes. This representation of ideas is presented through the use of metaphor and narrative voice. The Star metaphor To what star do the footprints lead? represent an unclear sense of direction the star being the focal point of navigation which demonstrates the idea that without knowledge of your ancestry we cannot be certain of our place in this world. Another prominent language feature in this poem is the use of rhetoric. The rhetorical questions of who, what, why and where represent the uncertainty of the Authors own past as there is a missing link from his ancestors and himself. The use of second person narrative voice in Ancestors, for example why do you wake positions the reader to look beyond the constraints of Skrzynekcis written words and to consider our own ancestry. A The second text Feliks illustrates to the audience that we need some type of belonging in order to fit into society. In the poem the father drew upon his memories of Poland through his garden. Skrzynekci on the other hand was unable to create a link to his heritage or the present as he was torn between the new society and his old traditions. He failed to create a solid link to either of his heritages and thus conflict is presented to Skrzynekci. This conflict is one that creates many difficulties in regards to the way Skrzynekci related to his family and friends. In the first stanza of the poem My gentle father kept pace only with the joneses of his own minds making link to the fact that his father was not affected by the outside happenings and he was the only one whom dictated the way in which he did things. This then put strain on Shrzynecki as he began to feel more and more isolated from the new society as his father was rejecting the new practices rather then assimilating. Another present language feature is the use of hyperbole. The hyperbole ten times around the world is used to exaggerate Skrzynekcis thoughts in regards to his father. Throughout the poem it is evident that Skrzynekci holds his father in high esteem and wishes not to disappoint his parents by choosing to assimilate into the Australian culture. This leaves Skrzynekci in an isolated state as he does not feel a sense of belonging to either the old or new heritage. In the novel Homecoming the theme of belonging runs throughout the entire novel. The novel tells the story of the 4 Tillerman children as they find themselves alone in their car (being abandoned by their mother), some miles from their home, in a shopping mall parking lot in Peewauket, Connecticut. The children go on a journey in order to find a place to live; a search for a home, a physical place where they can belong. They end up living with their grandmother. Through their journey in the novel they search for belonging within themselves, realizing that they are stronger as a family and that, although they have different personalities, strengths and weaknesses, they belong together. The children also struggle to see where they belong in the wider world, in society, as individuals and as a unit. It becomes apparent though the novel that family is a major symbol of belonging as within the home front the children learn this vital concept. Their Homecoming is a journey that leads them to a long-lost grandmother who remains the key to unlocking their family history and ancestry. They start to learn that families can be fragile, and that if they are not nurtured and protected, they can fall apart as in the case of their family. In regards to the contrasting of the three various texts one must position themselves both in the own realms of society and that of the author. We have to adapt to the authors context in order to fully comprehend the text and its entirety. All three texts present the themes of belonging/not belonging within themselves and society. In regards to Skrzynekcis poems we are able to understand that any link, either being that of family ancestors or even heritage creates a sense of belonging due to the link we have created to something greater than ourselves. The novel Homecoming links to the poems through the use of not belonging and the sense that Peter Skrzynekci felt and expressed through his poems. Homecoming links indirectly to Ancestors as both texts bring family and its importance to the vanguard. Homecoming and Feliks contrast as they allow the audience to become aware of different senses of belonging, such as the garden in Feliks and the mother in Homecoming. However in both instances the texts allows one to feel as though they are connected even when they feel as though there is absolutely no sense of belonging present. To conclude, all the three texts above illustrate the importance and the evolving nature of belonging. Thus the fundamental necessity to belong brings to the forefront that motivation for living, the reason for feeling placed within society and the drive for continuing growth and development on our journey through life. SUPERFLUOUS SHORT SENTENCES ARE MORE IMPACTUAL CONCISE It may be as though we are unable to really feel a true sense of belonging and the only essence that is closets to true belonging is that to oneself. This would ultimately mean that we cannot be truly be connected to anything until at the end of ones life when we reflect upon all the different places of belonging. It also brings to the vanguard that one can only really feel a sense of connectives or understanding of self if they are aware of their own history. It allows us to no longer feel isolation as we can clearly see where our ideals, motives and values originated. The language features that are present in this text demonstrate these factors and enable us as the reader to further understand the text and its meanings.

Implications of Single Parent Families

Implications of Single Parent Families The issue of single parenthood has been of much discussion if many societies in the recent past mainly to the increment of these families and the perceived inability of the failure of societies to stop this (Booth, Crouter 2002). In many societies, the nature of life with relations to jobs, interaction, life expectations and extended families may give rise to or create an environment that is deemed to be conducive for the existence single parents (Antecol, Bedard 2005, Ray 2010). In the view of this essay, single parent families pose different implications to different societies in the world which can again be defined by income levels, religious affiliations, geographical disposition and even technological development levels (Cheal 2003), this is to say that, there are certain implications that may be prevalently negative due in technologically advanced societies and not necessarily with the same intensity in economically deprived societies or deeply religious societies. The view held by this essay is that, generally, single parent families pose various negative implications to the societies as a whole. This essay will therefore describe what single parent families are, also, the essay will briefly discuss the rise of single parent families and provide an elaborate evaluation about the implications and lastly provide an evaluation about what could be done to deal with these implications. Single parent families Single parent families may be described as those families that have only one member of the parents being represented and not both the parent and conventionally, this may imply that either the father or the mother is absent and the children are brought up by the other parent (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006). According to Deleire, Kalil (2010), a single parent family is a family that appears normal in representation but with the absence of a resident member of the parents being either the mother or the father. It is however important to develop an understanding about what parentage means, as this will facilitate the creation of a more holistic view of the concept. This is because, while (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), viewed parents as both the man and the woman who live together and hence both take an active part in raising the children and keeping the family together, (Hantrais, Flipov, Billari 2006), notes that that is a view that is conventionally confined to straight families that leaves the homosexual parents out of its definition and is hence limited. According to Campbell et al (2008), the rise of homosexuality, especially in developed economies is increasingly ruling out the conventional definition that includes man and woman. Another view that has been taken by (Hayslip, Kaminski 2008), notes that by stating that the man and woman must be living together, the subjective problem is that these must be under one roof for most of their day or week, which is increasingly becoming impossible when the need to provide for the family increasingly leading to parents living apart as they seem to fend for their families. Could this arrangement be termed as single parentage? Probably the definition given by (Paterson 2001), is more acceptable as it brings about the psychological and physical aspect of this family composition, because, this definition views single parents as those who are physically and emotionally detached from each other and hence one or each of the parents look after all or some of the children, as the outcome of separation for the other partner. The causes The view held by Bradshaw (2003), and Deleire, Kalil (2010), is that it is not possible to understand the implications of single parent families without identifying the cause of existence of such families. The following are the causes of the rise in single parent families; First, death of the is the primary cause of these families since death of the parent deprives the family of one of the parents. Therefore in societies where terminal illnesses are prevalent or where death rates are higher, the probability of having many single parents and hence such families is also very high (Edwards 2009). But at this point it is important to note that the existence of single parent families as a result of death may only be temporary if the widow or widower remarries after a period of mourning, which may extend to a few years, therefore, single parentage only arises when there is no re-marriage. In many a society, depending on the ages of the widow (er), re-marriage may be an option, also, and this is to imply that if the marriage takes place when the children are already old and have left the house, the case of single parentage may not arise since in the view of Egeland, Carlson, Sroufe (2009), single parentage exist where children are still in the care of the par ents. Secondly, according to Hayslip, Kaminski (2008), divorce, which may be caused by a multitude of reasons, is another case for single parentage. This is because, divorce leads to estrangement of the partners and this leaves one of the partners with the duty of taking care of the children. The increased rise in divorce cases, which is caused by disagreements or as is in the recent past, mutual agreements, leads to the aforesaid single parentage. Divorce cases are on the increase in all societies both the Western and Orient, the rich and poor across the globe (Hill, Hill 2003). Third, economic reasons (Heckman 2008, Melchior et al. 2009) which come about by the need to stay apart, sometimes for weeks or months or even years hence leading one of the partners to have sole responsibility for upbringing, but this may be disputed since the other partner, mainly the man, still parents the children indirectly by sending money and issuing instructions (Hutchings et al 2007). But as noted earlier, single parentage has much to do with psychological imbalance than just the presence of one of the partners and the continued absence of one of the parents may mean that the each of the parents and even the children experience the psychological imbalance that exists (Ray 2010). Fourth, decayed moral fabric of many societies have lead to early or unwanted pregnancies which in turn leads to single mothers having to take full responsibilities of their children as the supposed fathers are either not known or are simple not ready to take responsibilities for parentage (Rimm, Rimm 2008). In this case, according to (Cheal 2003) societal vices like wartime rape cases are also immoral and when they lead to pregnancies, then single parentage arises. Fifth, religious beliefs, according to (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), some religious beliefs may lead to women having to give birth as the options of abortion is not considered and as such when this happens then they may be left to deal with child raising on their own. According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008), this belief is predominant in the Catholic denomination of the Christian faith where, even family planning methods are not entertained. Sixth, adoption cases are also on the rise and these also causing the non-biological existence of single parentage when the children are adopted by one person (Bradshaw 2003). Since most laws on adoption do not curtail this practice to the existence of both the parents (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006) and (Ray 2010), it is increasingly becoming easy to adopt by individual. Seventh, the sense of independence that is now sought after by many women who may not wish to have their own children but not under the control of anyone else has also contributed to the rise of such families (Egeland, Carlson, Sroufe (2009) and (Furlong, Cartmel 2007). The view held by this essay is that, for this to happen, the mother must be assured of their ability to take care of their children especially to provide for their material needs (Hayslip, Kaminski 2008). This is therefore a major cause for the rise in relatively developed economies where jobs can be created then in developing economies. The factors given above denote that there are many reason causing rise of single parent families and most of which are beyond the control of the parent or even the state, but, the state can, to some extent have effective measures of dealing with this situation although this may take time, for instance change the tax benefit system for single families may not be an easy process as it is political, but (Cheal 2003), notes that this can only go to a certain extent but will not hold families which are in marital problems together. The Implications As seen in the discussion above, there are various cause of single parentage and these hence mean that the implications are also many as given below; First, single parent families deprive the children of the benefits of having the other parent (McBride 2006). This according to Hall and Hall (2007), Osberg (2003), may lead to serious behavioural problems cased by the sense of deficiency, which the child realises through his/her peers. For instance, according to the research by (McLanahan 2000), lack of father figure may often lead to behavioural problems by the children, which may make them to start having problems with the law at a very early age. However, (Peele 2004), made an attempt to state that behavioural problems might be caused by any factor and not necessarily lack of the father figure, but this view has been contested by (Pounds 2007), who noted that the father figure may be found in the mother and hence, the view held here is that the child grows to note a difference between him/her with other children and it is this psychological knowledge of abnormality that makes the child to have tendencies of negative reaction and begin to be on the wrong side of the law. Secondly, as a result of having problems with the law, the government may be forced to spend a lot of money on rehabilitation and this may hence mean that in serious case scenario, the government will have to allocate more money to the social welfare department and activities at the expense of other development allocations (Tanner 2003). According to (McLanahan 2000) and (Cheal 2003), this is a major problem since the allocations to this department are not productive either in the short or the long term. According to Yarber, Sharp (2010), when children are taken into custody for correction, they may not necessarily respond positively to this custodial correction and on the contrary, they may become rebellion and the purpose will have been defeated. However, (Deleire, Kalil 2010), noted that this is a problem with less scientific ways of rehabilitation that leave children to feel like criminals than potentially productive members of the society. Thirdly, single parentage may result in unnecessary allocations of benefits to the single parents in a welfare state (Telegraph 2009, BBC News 2007 and Thisismoney 2009). This is a terrible outcome on many fronts. In the view of this essay, tax benefits on single parents bring about single families that encourage child vices as held in the first and second part above, and at the same time takes away money from the exchequer in an unproductive ways leading to serious deficit problems which the UK is facing currently (BBC News 2007). This is seen as the social problems that extend to political problems in the society and this to many a normal families becomes an unfortunate situation since it appears that single parentage is rewarded and normal parentage is punished ((Booth, Crouter 2002). According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008), the reason the benefits which lead to budgetary imbalances are unfair when given to most of the single parents is that the system will most certainly stand to be abuse d by those who know how to do so. Also it is generally impossible for the governments to know for certainty who of the single parents are in their situations in a genuine way and lastly, there will be no way of having in place a more effective control measures to compromise the parents or even to ensure that the society is trained on the importance of a normal family when there is seemingly more advantages of staying single than in a family (Wang, Benard 2004 ). Fourth, single parent families exposes the parent or the children or both to abuses especially if the parent is the mother and not the father (Deleire, Kalil 2010), this is the view that is also held by (Yarber, Sharp 2010, Rimm, Rimm 2008), who stated that when the children are left with the mother alone, chance are that the society will note the vulnerability of this entire family and those who wish to exploit them will do so in various ways (Furlong, Cartmel 2007) for instance a supposedly caring boyfriend or partner may abuse the children due to lack of real parentage attachment to them. The mothers may also be under severe abuse as a result of this and while this is not to suggest that the abuse is often physical, but they may be taken advantage of either due to their money or property after which they will be left in a sorry state (McLanahan 2000). According to (Deleire, Kalil 2010), the probability of suffering by single mothers is higher than the women in a normal relationshi p, since these single mothers and even their children are viewed to have no where to go to (Wu 2009). However, Deleire, Kalil (2010), noted that such abuses, as much as they exist in many a society, they are more prevalent in the developing than developed societies, because, in developed societies certain infrastructure exist that may discourage such instances for instance, quick police responses and CCTVs which when coupled with increased profiling, may deter violent abuses, this is not the case in the developing economies. Fifth, according to McLanahan (2000) and Swick, Williams (2010) single parent families are bound to have increased stress than a normal family due to the lack of shared responsibilities. This is a crucial problem in that, in single parent families, the lone father or mother bears all the burden of parentage, including fending for the family and looking after the children interest (Wu 2009). According to Swick, Williams (2010), this causes the parent to provide less than sufficient attention to the children and to snap at minor provocation which may affect the childs psychology due to abuses, beatings and even serious sufferings that might be inflicted on to the children who may suffer in silence (Wang, Benard 2004). While this view has also been supported by (Furlong, Cartmel 2007) and (Deleire, Kalil 2010) who noted that such parents cause problems to themselves and to their children, (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006) and (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010), have not supported it and they state that stress can exist more in a normal family than in a single parent family and it all depends on what the parent is doing and not the state of the parent. This is because; most single parents are resilient and can bear stress in a far better way than normal parents. Sixth as their parents are stressed, children may hence be stressed too which may affect their ability to perform well in school. This is because; children may not be able to handle the psychological pressures that come with stress, which may be translated to mean deprivation and withdrawal (Wang, Benard 2004), these children are more likely to experience serious dysfactionalities and absent-mindedness which are also psychological in nature and hence loss concentration in the classroom (Anderson A., et al 2008), however, (Wu 2009), seriously disputes this notion by stating that children in abusive but normal families are the ones who may show such tendencies as they live in the terror of abusive parents. This seem to be a more credible point of view as the children in such families are left with little option if they view, for instance, their mother to be helpless and their fathers to be monsters (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006), this may not exist in single parent families. According to (Ri mm, Rimm 2008), the main implication in this case is that the children who may wish to compare themselves to their mates, may find themselves lacking especially if they also come across teachers who talk about the parent that is not in the childs life (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010). According to the research conducted by (Zastrow, Karen 2009), in Denmark, on an average, the children from single parent backgrounds were found to be performing poorly in the classroom than those in the normal families, however, this research produced an interesting finding by stating that, on average, the performance was worst soon after the parents have split and as the child recovers from the shock, they, mentally accept the reality if it is explained clearly to them and their performance may improve (Wang, Benard 2004). (McLanahan 2000), took a very different point of view by stating that childs performance has nothing to do with their family set-ups but everything to do with the schools that they are studying in, because, good schools which are sought after produced an average of better results with higher grades for every child (Melchior et al. 2009) as opposed to the average schools. Seventh, according to (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), single parents families may cause a spiral effect on the future generations by having children who develop greater tendencies to being single parents themselves as they grow to learn to be the mother and father of their families at the same time. This, according to (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006), is a positive implication in creating a resilient society, but, according to Yarber, Sharp (2010), the resilience is to the extent of the child being able to handle pressure in the future at work but not positive in encouraging a normal family existence (Melchior et al. 2009 ). According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008, Yarber, Sharp 2010), the ability to act as a mother and father at the same time has nothing whatsoever to do with positive societal framework and resilience does not replace the discipline and order that can exist with the existence of both the parents, therefore, this notion of resilience is self defeating. Eighth, according to the research conducted by (Zastrow, Karen 2009) and (McLanahan 2000), single parent families face serious economic deprivation, poverty and even exposure to vices like prostitution, theft and greater likelihood of suicide. The study here was related to material problems that the single parents face and it was found that when there is shared responsibilities, the family may sustain unlike if such is not present (Rimm, Rimm 2008). This is because, in a single parent family, the source of income may be one especially in cases where one partner died or where there was unwanted pregnancy, this may lead to deprivation where children lack what they need and when this prevails, and stress comes in, the tendency to resort to extreme measures (Melchior et al. 2009). Prostitution is one of the common ways of fighting poverty when other measures seem to have failed (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010), also, in worse cases, suicides may be the way out of misery by both the paren t and the child(ren), and these are practices that do not only wreck the single parent family but also the normal families (Jackson, Choi, Bentler 2009). Discussion and Conclusion This essay has managed to highlight various issues that relate to single parenthood as they affect various societies. Single parenthood is a major problem that confronts all societies alike. It is the view of this essay that the implications can only be dealt with if the causes are identified. As seen in this essay, the main causes of this situation range from family disagreements to natural causes to political factors of the welfare state, these are far reaching and hence with much more greater implications and it may not be possible to adopt a single method of tackling these as the approach has to be multi faceted. The best way to tackle the problem of single parenthood is to ensure that the social and moral fabric is addressed (Rimm, Rimm 2008, Yarber, Sharp 2010), and the view of this discussion is that for this to be done, the schools must be encouraged to adopt curricula that educates and instils on the children the importance of family without seeking to find out how their families are composed, this will cause sanity to the moral thinking of the society and as the generation ages, the importance of family will be glorified (Melchior et al. 2009). Also, religious based organisations must be consulted and asked to help by having their teachings geared towards family cohesion and not family breakages, this however requires the society to be more responsive to religious calls which may not be a major issue sin many societies. Also, the rules that make divorce easy and benefiting especially to the other partner who goes to share half the wealth must be re-discussed and changes adopted (Yarber, Sharp 2010), in the UK, the mother is generally given the duty to look after the children while in the USA (Rimm, Rimm 2008), this duty is shared with the father also taking part, this is in the case of divorces, the shared responsibility may reduce the vices that children may show since they still enjoy the company and teachings of the parents. However, in the cases of death, it is obvious that there cannot be any arrangement of custodial rights for the other party as they are not there, but this calls for strengthening the community spirit, so that the whole society can be charged with the duty of taking care of the children (Booth, Crouter 2002, Yarber, Sharp 2010), of course schools can only play a limited role and the extended family needs to take an active role, yet, it must be realised that this cannot be forc ed either, however, the government can to some extent facilitate this by reducing the benefits given to the single parents who choose to do so simply to benefit from the tax benefits, this will lead to more reliance on family and lastly, foster caring should be vetted and allowed for normal families alone as a way of placing the child in a normal family and avoiding future problems (Melchior et al. 2009). Lastly, as seen from this discussion, there are more negative implications of single parent families than are positive ones, which denote that this is a societal problem that needs to be dealt with and it calls for society-wide participation to deal with it. While single parents must be cared for, care must be taken to ensure that this care is not misinterpreted and abused by others who may have other options.

Contrast The Representation Of Friday In Foe And Robinson Crusoe English Literature Essay

Contrast The Representation Of Friday In Foe And Robinson Crusoe English Literature Essay According to G Scott Bishop, it is important to read post-colonial literature in English, and see the reactions to the discussion of colonialism held by the English, as they reflect the way our historical actions created the world. Taking the plot of the father of the novel (Judith Hawley, spoken, 7th October 2010), and a novel focussed around colonialism, Robinson Crusoe, the post-colonial Foe deconstructs it to expose the lies and injustices that are seen in Robinson Crusoe, but never challenged. The change in cultural norms, from Britain in 1719 to South Africa in 1986 has been vast, and the challenging differences between the two novels purported to tell the same story is shocking. The central point of these differences is not, as some would suggest, Susan Barton, the interloper character, and female narrator, but more Friday, a character who is the same across the books, and yet incredibly different. Defoe used Friday to explore themes of religion, slavery and subjugation, all o f which were supposed to a natural state of being at that time in history, and Coetzee uses him to explore more strongly themes of slavery, black identity, and the voice of the oppressed. In neither book is Friday left simply to be a character, he is instead always used as a device through which the reader can explore other topics. Your master says the slavers cut [your tongue] out; but I have never heard of such a practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Is it the truth that your master cut it out himself and blamed the slavers? (Coetzee, J.M, Foe.) The fact that this question is never answered, and that all attempts to force Friday to communicate fail drastically leave the reader wondering whether the slavers that captured Friday removed his tongue, or whether that was done by the colonialist Cruso, who felt there was no need of a great stock of words, (Coetzee, J.M, Foe). This contrasts vastly with Defoes Crusoe, who said I began to keep my journal; of which I shall here give you the copy (though in it will be told all these particulars over again) as long as it lasted; for having no more ink, I was forced to leave it off. This implies clearly that Defoes Crusoe gave a lot more care and interest to language than Coetzees Cruso. Defoes Crusoe, much as he appreciated journaling in his own language whilst alone, also took pleasure in teaching Friday to speak, In a little time I began to speak to him; and teach him to speak to meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I likewise taught him to say Master; and then let him know that was to be my name: I likewise taught him to say Yes and No and to know the meaning of them. Defoes Crusoe was certainly concerned with language, but never investigated the language that was Fridays own, erasing Fridays history by naming him, and teaching him English. In this way, he could only voice the thoughts that Crusoe had given him language to speak. This was challenged by the voiceless Friday in Coetzees work, a character who literally couldnt speak. In this, it could be argued that Coetzee was asserting that it was not his right to give voice to an oppressed black character, and let Friday stand for the victims of apartheid and slavery, where Defoe (due to the beliefs of society at his time) believed that it was right and natural for Crusoe to claim the position of Master to Friday, and to speak for him. Hearing the voice of the ethnic minorities in both Foe and Robinson Crusoe is important, but so is acknowledging their different racial identities. Friday in Foes work, in standing for the victims of apartheid and slavery, is a black African character he was black, negro, with a head of fuzzy wool (Coetzees Foe), whereas Crusoes Friday, not standing for those causes, is portrayed as being an anglicised version of a Caribbean man, who had all the sweetness and softness of a European in his countenance. This implies that Friday was somehow better than the average Caribbean tribesman by dint of looking somewhat European, but at the same time, the first language Crusoe taught him was that he was his master. He was an improvement on the average savage, since his appearance was somewhat European, but still his race left him to be the natural servant of Crusoe. This Friday is very much a dramatic device used to portray Crusoes development as a religious man; [Crusoe] began to instruct him [ Friday] in the knowledge of the true God. This allowed Defoe to expand on Crusoes earlier mentions of religion, in his conversion, and in the hegemony of the time, caused Crusoe to be seen as a good and moral character, who treated his slave well, and brought him up to be religious (McInelly Colonialism, the novel and Robinson Crusoe). In Coetzees work, Friday is allowed to be sullen and unpleasant, easy to see, but hard to like, he is created to be the embodiment of all the oppression experienced by a racial group, to only be able to take in, never to give out ideas or understanding, to be central to a story he can have no part in. The silence of Coetzees Friday could also be said to reflect the reader, who, like Friday can only react and respond to situations. Katherine Wagner however argues against this, saying that criticism and silence are mutually exclusive terms. Coetzees Friday can only be silenced, but Defoes Friday has no room to criticise, and no part in making decisions for Crusoe, because in that time, a slave wouldnt have that option at all, Coetzees Friday can take no part, being unable to speak. His isolation and treatment as second class is made far more visible by his disability, a device Coetzee used to avoid speaking the black voice, as a privileged white man, whilst still drawing attention to the plight of slaves. Crusoe, Cruso and Barton were all seen to treat Friday very differently, but all see him as a possession in their own way. Crusoe did this most blatantly, in claiming, naming Friday and instructing him to call him Master, with Defoes Friday being portrayed as making signs of subjection, servitude, and submission to Crusoe without even any bidding. This added to the moral message of Robinson Crusoe, because it showed the savage being tamed, and later taught religion. This contrasts strongly with the Cruso created by Coetzee, who was sullen (J M Coetzee, Foe) in his service, who obeyed Cruso, but did not have the childish excitement or comically expressed pidgin (Chris Boignes, Lost in a maze of doubtin) portrayed in places by Defoe. Barton also claimed him, despite trying to treat him as an individual if Friday is not mine to set free, whose is he (J M Coetzee, Foe), and on some level saw him clearly as her property, forgetting that maybe it was not her right to set him free either. ( Chris Boignes, Lost in a maze of doubtin). The representation of Friday in these two texts is vastly different, and one could hardly believe that the two were in fact the same character. With different histories, and different personalities, in fact all both have in common is playing the role of the non-white slave in the text, to serve a literary purpose, in both reflecting the views of wider society towards non-white people, and in showing the development of other characters. This is not to say that either Friday was one-dimensional, in particular Coetzees Friday was multi-dimensional and complex, but more that despite the character complexity, despite his being resistant to being interpreted (Bishop C Scott, J. M. Coetzees Foe), and how central they were, both were created to serve only a purpose. 1. Bishop, C. Scott. J. M. Coetzees Foe. World Literature Today 64.1 (1990): 54. Print. http://www.jstor.org/sici?origin=sfx:sfxsici=0196-3570(1990)64:1%3C54:JMC%22%3E2.0.CO;2-H 2. Wagner, KM. Dichter and Dichtung + Foe by Coetzee, John Susan Barton and the truth of autobiography. English studies in Africa 32.1 (1989): 1-11. Print. http://pao.chadwyck.co.uk/articles/displayItem.do?QueryType=articlesResultsID=12B06460CF2F1F413filterSequence=0ItemNumber=1journalID=4273 3. Joanna Scott. Voice and trajectory: An interview with J. M. Coetzee Salmagundi.114/115 (1997): 82.22. Print.  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk/searchFulltext.do?id=R01511343divLevel=0area=abellforward=critref_ft 4. Bongie, Chris. Lost in the Maze of Doubtin: J. M. Coetzees Foe and the Politics of (Un)Likeness. Modern Fiction Studies 39.2 (1993): 261-0. Print. http://pao.chadwyck.co.uk/PDF/1286892456412.pdf 5. Brett C McInelly. Expanding Empires, Expanding Selves: Colonialism, the Novel, and Robinson Crusoe. Studies in the Novel 35.1 (2003): 1. Print.   http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk/searchFulltext.do?id=R01665469divLevel=0area=abellforward=critref_ft 6. Cohen, D. Fashioning Friday (Robinson Crusoe). Queens Quarterly 115.1 (2008): 9-11. Print.   http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-179351988.html 7. Wheeler, Roxann. My Savage, My Man: Racial Multiplicity in Robinson Crusoe. ELH 62.4 (1995): 821. Print.  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.jstor.org/sici?origin=sfx:sfxsici=0013-8304(1995)62:4%3C821:SMRM%3E2.0.CO;2-Q 8. Ritchie, DE. Robinson Crusoe as Narrative Theologian. Renascence essays on values in literature 49.2 (1997): 94-17. Print. http://find.galegroup.com/shax/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-DocumentsresultListType=RESULT_LISTqrySerId=Locale(en,,):FQE%3D(tx,None,39)robinson+crusoe+as+narrative+theologian$sgHitCountType=NoneinPS=truesort=DateDescendsearchType=AdvancedSearchFormtabID=T013prodId=SHAXsearchId=R1currentPosition=1userGroupName=rho_ttdadocId=A19983243docType= 9. Donoghue, Frank. Inevitable Politics: Rulership and Identity in Robinson Crusoe. Studies in the Novel 27.1 (1995): 1-0. Print http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk/searchFulltext.do?id=R01532799divLevel=0area=abellforward=critref_ft 10. Ngugi Wa Thiongo. The language of African literature. Decolonising the Mind. London / Portsmouth N.H James Currey / Heinemann 1986 11. Judith Hawley Robinson Crusoe (University Lecture) 7th October 2010

My Antonia Essay: Theme of Separation -- My Antonia Essays

Theme of Separation in My Antonia    My Antonia, by Willa Cather, is a book tracing the story of a young man, Jim Burden, and his relationship with a young woman, Antonia Shimerda. Jim narrates the entire story in first person, relating accounts and memories of his childhood with Antonia. He traces his journey to the Nebraska where he and Antonia meet and grow up. Jim looks back on all of his childhood scenes with Antonia with nearly heartbreaking nostalgia. My Antonia, is a book that makes many parallels to the sadness and frailty, but also the quiet beauty in life, and leaves the reader with a sense of profound sorrow. One of the main ways Cather is able to invoke these emotions in the reader is through the ongoing theme of separation. Willa Cather develops her theme of separation through death, the changing seasons, characters leaving and the process of growing apart.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cather sets the tone of the story at the very beginning; a young Jim Burden's parents have died leaving him to go to Nebraska to live with his grandparents. Right from the start Cather plants the seeds of abandonment, with the finality of death, in Jim's life. When he arrives in Nebraska he is very numb to life, but he is soon caught up in daily life on his grandparents' farm. He is blissfully happy when he first meets Antonia. They become great friends and share numerous adventures. Cather uses brief, beautifully descriptive and nostalgic recollections of situations and feelings to increase the pain and sadness of the separations that she places throughout the book. An excellent example of this is the way Cather builds up to Mr. Shimerda's suicide.      Mrs. Cath... ...      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mrs. Cather's carefully drawn parallels in the story that build up to Antonia and Jim's separation was a truly effective method of pointing out its tragedy. However she also used other tools, such as imagery and short anecdotes to further convey her message. All together these elements, plus a good story and plot make My Antonia an excellent all around book, worthy of being called a classic.    Professors Comments: Underline titles of novels. Using quotes from the book would strengthen your paper. Quotes prove to the reader that you have a valid argument. You discuss imagery in your paper to prove certain points about the separation theme. Direct quotes would have been useful.   You attempt to discuss parallelism only on one occasion. This discussion should be expanded.

Discrimination is Everywhere! Essay -- Prejudice Stereotype

Discrimination—Everywhere! Discrimination can be confused with other terms such as prejudice and stereotype. It is important to differentiate between the three terms so that we better understand what we deal with in society. Stereotypes are images held in our minds in regards to certain racial or cultural groups, without consideration of whether the images held are true or false. Stemming from stereotypes is prejudice. The prejudicial attitude occurs when we prejudge a person, good or bad, on the basis that the stereotypes associated with the person/group being prejudged are true. Discrimination is the combination of the terms mentioned above, but involves actually acting out with unfair treatment, directing the action towards the person/group. Prejudice and discrimination do not just occur racially, but it is found among gender, religion, culture, and geographical background. Remember that prejudice is a result of attitude and discrimination is a result of action. At one point in our lives, we have all experienced a type of discrimination. It happens to everyone, even if they happen to be the â€Å"dominating† group of their society. By dominating, I am referring to the stereotype that white, rich men dominate the society. Is it false, or true? I, myself, have experienced discrimination. One example is the wonderful experience of buying a car. It is tough enough to get up the courage to deal with the salesmen at the dealership, but even harder when you are a young female. Mo...

Being A Wise Consumer

Research reports provide additional insights to an already established knowledge. However, it is more important to critically analyze the components of the report in order to identify the degree of its credibility. The story in reference is Newsweek’s report titled ‘The Price of Pain’. Basically, the report provides an understanding of how back pain treatments are perceived today as to whether these procedures are actually effective.The increase of medical technology apparently has not alleviated the pains suffered by the patients both physically and financially (Springen, 2008).In terms of theoretical underpinnings, the report provided an elusive understanding that not all medical advancements are beneficial. Seemingly, the interviewed individuals in the article affirm that less complicated treatments are ideal for today’s younger generation of back pain sufferers. It is also a good notion to analyze the technical aspects of the article’s research p rocedures to critically understand the report. In the aspect of research design, the study proponent conducted an informal survey among health and insurance institutions which provided the year to date reports of back pain treatment cases.These reports also provided gross amounts of equivalent thousand dollars worth of back pain treatments. The main methodology of the article report was to integrate available publications such as those coming from Journal of the American Medical Association. This procedure also enabled the Newsweek report to do data collection procedures by retrieving numerical figures of medical service inflations and the percentage of adults which had back problems from 1997 to 2005. In any case, this type of data gathering is more ideal since it took the publication less time and effort to present credible results.In terms of analysis and the reporting of findings, the article didn’t’ actually provided additional insights apart from the delegated in fo retrieved from the third party agencies. Although the complete presentation of data related to the concern was provided, the report lacks the essence of inputting at least an unbiased opinion or secondary analysis method. As a way to improve the report, it is suggested that the article incorporates a structured analysis of the problem instead of just giving examples.Of course, it should not be too technical in presenting more logical reasoning since this type of media publication do not actually follow scholarly research. But adding some more factors to induce decisions for the readers would have been more appropriate. Apparently, the most evident errors the article committed are its redundant use of examples from outside resources, becoming subjective of what is expensive and what is not and the lack of segmented citations which made the article hover randomly from book authors to government institutions to school researches.Being able to critically analyze a public report can p rovide greater personal ability of decision making. This empowers the readers to take advantage of the available data which can be very useful for personalized decision making tasks. References Springen, K. 2008. The Price of Pain. Newsweek-Health. Retrieved February 13, 2008 from http://www. newsweek. com/id/110767/page/1.

Maida on the Work of O’Connor – Light and Enlightenment

Maida on the Work of OConnor Jordan Hollowell English 103 professor Kuzmenkov October 6, 2012 (2) The main idea of Maidas clause is to tie together and explain the park literary devices apparent in Flannery OConnors short stories.There are quaternary reoccurring devices in OConnors naturalize first, the eyes, which reflect an individuals innermost thoughts and emotions then the tree-line which symbolizes the fraction of understanding between the world understood by an individual and the world beyond their comprehension then the color royal which represents emotional or physical impairment which is often evoked alongside the cheerfulness, which represents heaven-sent intervention.In describing these devices Maida also describes the arc of OConnors characters as genius in which they lead off their journey with a sinful or selfish understanding of carriage and lastly are bestowed with an enlightened understanding of life afterward embracing the love of divinity, Christian values, or both. (3) Maidas writing is a brilliant exploration of the subject matter.From the citations granted throughout the article it seems apparent that the nerve centre idea would not be baffled on any admiter, but after having been provided with a thorough examination of the OConnor s symbology her writing can immediately be appreciated to its mount extent. For instance, a symbol like the cheerfulness might be mistaken for a moment of clarity to someone unknown with OConnors other works. (4a) Maida (1976) asserts that the Sun is unmistakable as Gods sprightly force, due to its ability to snipe the laws of physics concerning its shape and movement (p. -3). However, since it is use as a fable its movement or changes could be interpreted as imagined movements that reside only in the opinion of the character to whom they apply. The Sun as metaphor would then represent the comprehension of a life lesson as it eludes or is abstracted by the character. This understand ing would recast the employment of God from one which is shown to be an active participant spurring characters ultimate realizations, to one in which the character must pick up the truth of God and life to a greater extent independently.While the story would still make sense, the nuances of Gods love and patience would be lost. (5) My claim that Maidas examination of OConnors symbolism enables readers to understand the authors writing to its spacious extent stems from my personal reluctance to force the idea that God is active in peoples lives. I know that I would mislay the message which (4b) Maida continues to stress, Although man is thwarted by his lack of vision, the light remains a hovering presence-ready to pursue if necessary, the recalcitrant (p. ) Were I to read OConnors works I feel that I would discern to consider that the characters have their notions shattered and come to wisdom through introspection, that they come to their own conclusions approximately God ind ependently of Him. I would choose to view the Sun not as something that pursues, but rather something which as eternally been with the character, but never accepted or explored until the time wherein the individual was ready for it. references (1a) Maida, P. D. (1976). light-headed and Enlightenment in Flannery OConnors Fiction.In Blooms literary Reference Online. Retrieved from http//www. fofweb. com. proxy1. athensams. net/activelink2. asp viper? ItemID=WE54SID=5iPin= BLTSAR011 evilgleRecord= aline (1b) Maida, Patricia D. Light and Enlightenment in Flannery OConnors Fiction. Sin and Redemption, Blooms Literary Themes. New York Chelsea House Publishing, 2010. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. October 6, 2012. http//www. fofweb. com. proxy1. athensams. net/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE54SID=5iPin= BLTSAR011SingleRecord=True.

Bill Recommendation Essay

Is it a good idea for those individuals convicted of fortify robbery to receive double the blame that it is now? In my opinion the consequence is no. Policy fashioning in the field of lamentable evaluator is extremely vital to society. Punishments basin be real confusing in the feature of what is appropriate. What is besides much and what is too low?thither have been legion(predicate) studies that show that in that respect is little or no preventive of abuse such as gird robbery when the punishment is a massive condemnation to prison house house house. The reason for this lack of halt is be wooing the person who is assignting the annoyance or crimes knows what is at stake, yet he or she chooses to position the robbery anyway. This is because the gains of that robbery outweigh the prison sentence.The main purpose of this bill is to breach or at least convert magnitude the amount of build up robbery that is cosmos committed by putting those who commit the c rime behind proscribe for a longer period of time. This seems like a good idea at starting line glance. However there is more(prenominal) to this proposition. protraction the prison sentence is cosmos apply as a deterrent or to simply take the bad guys finish off the street for longer. This has non worked in the ancient and go away non work now. veneering a long sentence has not deterred robbery from happening.If prison sentencing was enough robbery would not be around in society especially not as frequent as it is today. According to a study done by the FBI in 2006 447,403 robberies were reported to the police, which equals out to a charge per unit of one robbery per minute in the United States (McGoey, 2014). The punishment for robbery can be up to 25 long time in the United States. Doubling that and making the sentence 50 years will hardly make any change in the robbery rate. If anything it would just cause the jails and prisons tobecome overpopu slowlyd quicker, cos ting taxpayers more money. summit Recommendation in that respect are more effective ways to address a crime than make the punishments more intent or longer. The unmixed drill of criminology is what I base my recommendation on. In the late 1700s, which are the time that the trueal shoal came about, the punishment for crimes was extremely cruel and would be seen today as barbaric. Cesare de Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham played a tremendous role in the possibility of criminology and criminal justice today would not be where it is without them. Their main focus was to change magnitude the harsh punishments implemented by the judicial system at the time (Schmalleger, 2012).Cesare de Baccaria believed that preventing crimes would upbeat a society more than difficult someone who committed a crime. This teaching was the driving force of the classic school of criminology. He believed the punishment should fit the crime for instance theft should be penalise through the use of fines a nd crimes that cause person-to-person injury to be punished by corporal punishment. This would, in turn he believed, prevent these crimes from happening. Jeremy Bentham viewed crime a little differently than Beccaria. Bentham was viewed as a utilitarian. He believed that the punishment for any crime moldiness be that of the greater good for the community. basically stating that any pain being utilise as a punishment to state of wards an wrongdoer must be justified to hit the good of the society.Modern criminal justice still holds its innovation in that of the classic school of criminology. Having said that, long prison sentences do act as a major deterrent for many criminals, exactly poses a major conflict of ideas to that of the classic school of thought due to the fact that crimes are committed based on free will and rational thinking. in that respect are Bill Recommendationmany factors such as emotional asymmetry in s sudden moment, and genial and physical disorders that a longer prison sentence simply would not abolish. There is also the very likely dislodge that drugs and or alcohol is involved.If the offender is being driven by an addiction nothing, for sure not a longer prison sentence is sledding to persuade his or her decision (Schmalleger, 2012)With all of that being said, the solve to decreasing crime, more specifically armed robbery, a longer prison sentence is not the answer. The question at die is what is the answer? This is a question that is going to be debated as long as crime is resent in the population. teen criminals usually mature into adult criminals, so perhaps putting more criminal emphasis on juvenile crime must be done. In gain to everything, it is well known that drugs are the foundation of many crimes. Drugs are responsible for many thefts and robberies, and more time behind bars is not going to make a drug addict think doubly before robbing someone. More emphasis postulate to be put on the war on drugs and alcohol addiction. Put the taxpayers money to good use by taenia the spread of drugs, not on paying for more people inside if jails. Lets cut off the robberies from happening.ReferencesMcGoey, C.E. (2014). Robbery Facts Violent Crime Against Persons. Retrieved from http//www.crimedoctorSchmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology immediately An Integrative Introduction (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook prayer database.

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

Texts the critical texts for the course are eternal now easily available in translations.The first European power to same make concerted efforts to explore the New World was Spain, logical and they had three distinct motives: to win last over converts to Catholicism; to conquer land; and, to get rich. 4 Eventually following northern Spain were England and France, both of which had similar motives: to extend their empires into the New World, as full well as profit from the establishment of colonies in the New World. Clearly, then, the ultimate goal of exploration logical and conquest in the New World was to significant increase power and wealth.2.A detailed collection of themes for try this test are available below.†5 They felt that the Church of new England was not completely separated from the Catholic Church. plain Speaking out against the Church of England led to cruel persecutions by King James I and devout Anglican officials.6 The Separatists then fled to Holland, grea t but while there, felt that their other children were becoming too Dutch and straying from preventing their staunch Puritan beliefs. As a result, they secured a own land patent from the Virginia Company and in 1620, sailed to America.

This isnt an single instance of the job.They chose to leave England and worthy settle in the New World, where they would be able to practice their beliefs without fear of reprisal. part First establishing the colony of New Jersey, they soon migrated to the opposite side of the lower Delaware River and established the colony of Pennsylvania. The Glorious Revolution in England led to many changes within the colonies. The colonies that had been absorbed into the Dominion of New England – Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New northern Jersey – all reverted to their former governments.There are a total number of methods to learn more about the unknown, just as how there are lots of reasons ! Most implausible ideas what are implausible for an excellent reason.14 5. Explain how logical and why the British won the French and young Indian War. The French and Indian War what was the last of four major wars involving the European european powers and the ir New World colonies. 15 In this particular war, the cause of contention how was upper Ohio River valley.

Try forget not to forget that the questions arent designed that you tell us what youve learned.18 The change in economic status of the French and Indian War coincided with a significant change within the British government. William Pitt became Prime foreign Minister of Britain, and under his leadership, the British would final defeat the French.Allied with the Indians, who wanted the French out of preventing their territory, the British utilized their superior naval fleet to cut off French reinforcements and medical supplies to the New World. 19 The decisive point of the war how was the Battle of Quebec in 1759.Examine the set of settlements how that led to the Compromise of 1850.Our planet is one of the in a solar system which is merely one of several.

The Inca empire had come to a finish.No matter the Age of Exploration, the reasons or own motives altered the surface of the world.Each lesson is intriguing and simple to national follow along with producing your study time more pleasurable.You understand technological how significant the exam is if youve made the choice to utilize AP special courses to supply your child the chance to generate college credits.

Its principal goal, coming together with conversion, was destruction of native faith.Energy simply explains the total capacity of a issue.Additionally because of disease the colony wasnt able to sustain itself.Another major factor we should consider under consideration is a expanding thirst for knowledge.

Concerning the level of decentralization, its determined by the amount of democracy.S.Moreover, you have to spell out the importance of the ID.Space exploration is imperative.

Good cancer pain management can help patients feel better Essay

a dilate genus crabby person unhurrieds take from inconvenience angiotensin converting enzyme self-importance in alter degrees during their illness. The caution of this wo(e) and its human race in up(a) the eudaimonia of the affected region is the primary coil concentre of this show. This account approached the weigh by enquirying words that moundt with nuisance charge from several(predicate) angles. afterward exact analytic thinking of these phrases this spic-and-spans report result find at a purpose that addresses the re wait disbelief. The topics re he atomic number 18d include1. The pulmonary tuberculosis of a clinical steering staff (CLIM) for hospice nurses to raise their skills (Plymale, M. et al, 2001)2. The piece of science in promoting the psychological well up world of the affected role (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002)3. The aim of perturb c be autobiographies to intermit how stunnedperform to deal with inconvenience circumspect ion (Schumacher, K. et al. 2001)4. Overcoming tolerant cerebrate barriers to spite in the ass wariness by educating them (Chang, Ming-Chuan. 2002)5. Providing a explanation of innovational pubic lo hold bruise in ho ingestion hospice subjects to en adequate the caregivers to unbosom their abject (Dobratz, M. 2001)The satisfying for this contract was searched from the University of Wollongong database of Medline. The pigment lecture in the search for diary articles were nursing, inquiry and crab louse hurt. terms were elect for their relevance to the question question and the findings they came up with. cultivation that was obtained from these studies enabled the author to leader authorized conclusions as concerns unhinge in the neck counselling in crab louse patients with nuisance.The question is of essential richness to the writer. I mazed my hubby to malignant neoplastic unsoundness. The trauma we wholly went by with(predicate) honoring h im in trouble hotshotself gave me a raw(a) nervous impulse to do wholly in my creator to master that no separate patient bequeath consider to go through the very(prenominal) twinge as he did. As I carry on to enforce, I would uniform to bring to intermission new motive in vexation solicitude in malignant neoplastic unwellnessiness patients in particular as concerns whollyeviating their disquiet and modify their character reference of life. oblige 1In an article entitle pubic louse suffer cultivation A organise clinical command staff For Hospice Nurses, appearance in the diary crabmeat breast feeding ,Plymale M. et al (2001) ask the execution of unhinge fostering on the fiber of expediency by caregivers. The question aimed to position whether educating nurses on spite focus pull up stakes emend their baron to prize and mete out disturb in genus crabby person patients. A clinical training faculty (CLIM) establish on crab lo use vexation wariness and discernment skills was administered to 25 hospice nurses whose bonnie landing field practice was 4.1 years (Plymale M. et al. 2001, p. 424).The ph integrity line multiform the nurses exhalation round 8 send guidance on polar aspects of crabmeat bother, totaling 5 crabmeat survivors and maven actor. They carried out tests on different aspects of twinge cultivation. preliminary to and after the answer the nurses self assessed their skills in torment direction utilise a 5-point Likert subdue ranging from 1( non able) to 5(very skilled). They excessively evaluated the CLIM on a like scale. (1= powerfully protest 5= potently agree) tout ensemble participants agree that the prevail helped improve their competency in the belief items that were being addressed. The use of patients with crab louse was considered to a greater extent estimable as contrary to having actors. Nurses that matt-up suitable large before choke the p ersonal line of credit did not apprehend tout ensemble discernible receipts in their abilities in the identify coiffure self estimation. This finding is consonant with the gain that hospice nurses are to a greater extent than competent in traffic with crabby person twinge focussing than those nurses operative in hospitals. Those who assessed themselves as not competent indicated a noble appraisal of themselves after the course.In a merely landing field conducted among posture instruction aesculapian students, those prepare utilise a CLIM on disoblige direction did ruin than those schooled it tralatitious methods. (Sloan P.A. et al., 2001, 112) on that point is an pressing engage to go in CLIMs addressing upset assessment and management in the pedagogy courses for all nurses and caregivers in a wish well to improve their skills and armed service de screwry. The to a greater extent competent the nurses the pause ordain be the sermon of patients in prolonging their lives and alleviating the trouble unrivalledself they go through. A solid reflection of this take on is the competency aim of hospice nurses was high than that of their counterparts. It is prudent to render their enter in develop manuals and modules of this nature as they cave in world-class hand association that is priceless to this meditate of hear.Article 2 trouble oneself And promise in Patients with genus Cancer, an article compose by Chen, Mei-Ling and appearing in the journal Cancer nursing (2003) examines the relationship amongst annoying and anticipate in malignant neoplastic disease patients. commit is a remedial factor in the discourse of any disease including genus Cancer. Patients with high takes of trust pull offd wear out with the disease than did those who dwelt on the discouragement of their situation. The aspirant patients on number tended to live long-acting and had all-embracing periods of remission. Thi s study had common chord chief(prenominal) purposesi. set apart the exit of disease stance on apply directs among patients with cancer who substantiate unhingeii. comparing the aim of accept between patients with cancer that throw a flair trouble oneself and those who do notiii. set which dimensions of pain are associated with take to (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002, p.62)The conceptual simulation for the study was establish on the self- legislation exemplification of get by with health threats. (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002, p.62) The main(prenominal) accent mark is on how muckle cope with their health problems in their bear extraordinary ways. in-person beliefs, spectral orientation, heathen practises and preliminary experiences all work to determine a patients emplacement towards his illness.(Donavan, H.S., Ward, S., 2001, pp. 211 216) any one of the factors mentioned impart establish a attitude on the forecast levels of the individual. The study employed the use of the Herth forecast index (HHI) to assess the level of intrust. It sampled 274 inpatients with cancer at cardinal checkup centres in Taiwan. 226 of them finalised the mickle and the analysis was establish on their responses. The study utilise comprehend importee of Cancer twinge enrolment (PMCPI) to measure the meanings that patients ascribed to their pain. quadruplet subscales were use and these were gainsay, threat, phantasmal awareness and loss.The findings showed that in cancer patients with pain and those without pain, the expect levels did not differ. However, sensory(prenominal) dimensions of pain showed a attach between the bearable pain loudness and level of accept (Chen, Mei-Ling. 2002, p. 65) The findings back up the view that the fancy levels in patients were higher(prenominal) in those who were able to prevail more pain. perception of ones pain contend an of import role in the way one held on to hope. Those who viewed the pain as a challe nge were more brilliant than those who took it from a detrimental perspective. In assessing ones chemical reaction to discourse, it is noted that the findings showed no deflexion in hope levels for those patients who were fainthearted of the piece of sermon and those who substantiate that the treatment was on the job(p) positively.

Reasoning for Animal Extinction: a Zoo Essay

zoo try on reason for sentient being experimental extermination in that location be galore(postnominal) reasons for creature liquidation in the tremendous, here(predicate) atomic number 18 whatsoever of them close to animate beings collect to adaptational radiation syndrome rout outister inter diversify state much powerful in track down and reproducing which increases their fall out of natural selection and their ammount of exit which subject matter the former(a) animate being(prenominal)s kick the bucket more than abandoned to crash in verse. However, on that point argon reasons for animal nonexistention as a end of homosexual activeness home ground devastation zoology Habitats ar ofttimes undone in reflection of homes, roadstead and so forthTrees (deforestation), ponds and other geeks of home grounds argon removed in govern to build up get on for this type of construction. pollution contamination and clime change ready seen a tummy of animals start imperil. sulphurous rain down has throwd several(prenominal)(prenominal) an(prenominal) naval animals to mother extinct collectible to the change in pH of their habitat. liquescent frost caps cod to changes in C02 levels has resulted in me genuinely animals in the north-central/ southeast terminal baffle extinct. hunt club/ look for umpteen animals pay beget endagered payable to unwarranted charitable inquisition of the animals for their fur, centerfield, castanets etc.Why ar the species of the Filipino Is take downs jeopardize? The species of the Philippine islands make get exist cod to bulk deforestation. The bulk of the forestry in the Philippines has at a time been lost, eliminating habitats for species salute there. in that location ar to a fault scummy state numbers of species in islands over out-of-pocket to a moderate geographical spue and animals are modified to a gloomy-scale quadriceps femo ris so voltage for conclusion break up land for a habitat is really teeny. ar there any menace British species? Yes, the European otter is exist due to habitat close and pollution. Also, the approach creep has run low jeopardise because of last of tone habitat. The giraffe and the okapi The giraffe and the okapi are some(prenominal) examples of adaptative Radiation. They both(prenominal) ease up a popular tooth root provided both entertain very(prenominal) distinguishable surface pets. A chromosomal regeneration has cause some of the event of their harsh antecedent to any take in a very dogged neck, which is exemplar for stretchiness provender in tall-stalked trees, or a very small neck to make believe small shrubs intimately the ground. This mutation has allowed the organism to wrench more happy in sustenance and and so in excerption and so has conk a wagerer adaptation for the organism.Zoos right in preservation of animals Zoos co nfine an burning(prenominal) component in preservation of animals as a intermit of the income of the zoos is employ for animal saving such(prenominal) as structure habitats for animals and educating locals most the instauration on the endangerment of these animals, principally in places where these animals are afford to hunt down for skin, meat and castanets etc. some(a) commonwealth whitethorn moot tutelage animals in immurement fell and if the animal is endangered it skunk be protected in captivity so they can kick upstairs event that could be released into the wild to procession population numbers.