Interpersonal Relationships: Advantages and Disadvantages

Interpersonal Relationships: Advantages and Disadvantages Tiffany Steeples Interpersonal Relationships Interpersonal relationships are one of the most important things we have, and our ability to form meaningful relationships, rest largely on your interpersonal communication competencies (DeVito, pg. 196). The advantages of relationships often outweigh the disadvantages but to form more meaningful relationships, to keep them, or even to dissolve them and maintain emotional health at the end of a relationship; one must be able to evaluate the stages of relationships and their importance (Hamlett). A good way to understand the study of interpersonal relationships is to take a look at your own relationships, whether past, present or even the type of relationship you want in your future. Focusing on your own relationships such as friendships, romantic relationships, your family, or your work relationships can explain a lot about whether your relationships fail or succeed. Major advantages of having interpersonal relationships are: You lessen your loneliness (DeVito pg. 196). When you feel like someone cares or loves you and is there to protect you, you feel less lonely. Gaining a self-knowledge and having the self esteem you need through contact with others helps you to see things through different perspectives. Placing yourself in different roles can strengthen the availability of so many relationships will help you to focus on viewing  yourself and your relationship. Healthy interpersonal relationships also help enhance self-esteem and self-worth (DeVito pg. 196). Having that one friend or that one romantic partner will make you feel more worthy and more desirable. DeVito states that research shows that without interpersonal relationships, you are more likely to become depressed and by becoming depressed, interpersonal relationships can contribute to physical illness (DeVito pg, 197). Not only can you become depressed, but relationships can also contribute to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, or lack of physical exercise (DeVito pg. 197). With having those â€Å"good friends†, you’re able to maximize your pleasure and they help to minimize your pain. For example, when losing a job, your friends are supposed to make you feel less hurt when unexpected confrontations arrive. Friends are there to help and will make you feel better whether it be good news or bad news. The last advantage of interpersonal relationships, human contact is one of the best ways to secure the intellectual, physical and emotional stimulation that we all go through (DeVito pg. 197). DeVito also states that even having an imaginary friend is better than not having a friend at all. The advantages all seem to have a good effect on a person who is involved with interpersonal relationships and understanding all of these things will help us to determine how far our relationships will go. The disadvantages of Interpersonal relationships are expressed through what most people would consider to be â€Å"disadvantages†. People conclude that close relationships puts pressure on you to reveal yourself and to expose your vulnerabilities (DeVito pg. 197). I find this to be true, especially with friendships because you can know and find out so much about a person and  then as soon as the relationship deteriorates, the relationship may backfire and all of your personal information becomes a weakness that is used against you. Close relationships may increase your obligations towards others. This means that your time becomes their time as well. Not only your time is felt obligated but even possibly your financial obligations become shared and you may not be too excited about sharing your time or your finances. While building close relationships, other relationships you may have may start to feel abandon. I believe this to be true, especially if your building a romantic relationship that may require a lot more of your time and your friends are not as supportive or understanding. Your friendships can become abandoned. Relationships take a lot of both, time and energy, and you have to be willing to sacrifice which relationships are more important or even better, learn to balance the two different relationships to make sure everyone is happy. The closer your relationships, the more emotionally difficult they are to dissolve (DeVito pg. 197). It is whole lot harder to rid a relationship that you have put forth time, emotional strength, and even financial stability. This can cause depression or distress that some people dislike to face. The last disadvantage of having interpersonal relationships is that Your partner may break your heart (DeVito pg. 197). After all of the time and different things that you could possible put forth to make a relationship work, it could all backfire and against all pleas and promises your whole life could change. If you care a great deal, you’re likely to experience a great hurt; if you care less, the hurt will be less (DeVito pg. 197). To better understand interpersonal relationships, you must also understand the relationship stages. The six stages are the significant stages you may go through as you try to achieve your relationship goals (DeVito pg. 198). The six stages which are Contact, Involvement, Intimacy, Repair, Deterioration and Dissolution are use for all types of relationships including friendships, love relationships and even online relationships. Contact is the first stage that includes perceptual contact. Perceptual contact allows you to see what the person looks like, what they sound like and even what they smell like (DeVito pg. 199). After perceptual contact there is interactional contact in which you are interacting with the person. This type of contact can be nonverbal by exchanging winks and smiles and also allows the person to learn information about the other person. DeVito states, that it is during this stage, that your may initiate interaction and engage in invitational communication (DeVito pg. 199). The involvement stage is the second stage in which a sense of mutuality, of being connected, develops (DeVito pg. 199). During this stage your empathizing more with each other and you are committing to getting to know the person at an even better level than the contact stage. It is during this intimacy stage that you begin to express your feelings and thoughts by being honest. Your communication with each other becomes more personal. Within this stage you have the interpersonal commitment phase which allows you to commit yourselves to each other in a more â€Å"private† way and then there is the social bonding phase that allows commitment that is made more publically. It is also during the intimacy stage the two becomes a unit, a couple or a pair. The deterioration stage is the stage where the bonds begin to become weakened. When the reasons for coming together are no longer present or things may take a drastic change, then the relationships deteriorates (DeVito pg . 202). The repair stages has different phases that it  considers; the first phase is the intrapersonal repair. This is when you analyze what exactly went wrong and you may consider ways of solving your differences. During the interpersonal repair, you may discuss the problems of your relationship and what can be done to fix whatever the problems. DeVito states that you can look at the strategies for repairing a relationship in terms of the word REPAIR (DeVito pg. 203). To break down the word REPAIR, it means to Recognize the problem, Engage in productive conflict resolution, Pose possible solutions, Affirm each other, Integrate solutions into your life and Risk. The last stage in the dissolution stage, the stage is the cutting off of the bonds that tie you together, whether in a friendship or romantic relationship. DeVito gives some suggestions for dealing with dissolution. He suggest that you should break the loneliness-depression cycle, take time out, bolster self-esteem, seek the support or others and to avoid repeating negative patterns (DeVito pg. 204). Interpersonal relationships are something that we all as people have to and will experience. Professor Ralph Hamlett states that we must remember that all relationships are dynamic, meaning that they change (Hamlett). In order to accommodate these changes, we must all be aware of the change and how we are going to adapt. Works Cited DeVito, Joseph A., Interpersonal Messages: Communication and Relationship Skills,3rd ed. (Boston:Pearson, 2014). RalphHamlett. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Oct. 2014. Why is Hamlett Timeless? Why is Hamlett Timeless? Shakespeares Hamlet is exemplary of the universal nature, which, despite the passage of time still holds its textual integrity. As Hamlet  is not limited by contextual barriers multiple interpretations are plausible through the texts ability to be re-contextualised. The thematic representations of love, power and the central theme of life and death continue to hold significance to audiences and propose an understanding of the mental instability of the human condition. The themes will be highlighted in this response in order to expose Hamlets transcendent nature. Political instability and Power through matters of Corruption are timeless and can be expressed during the Elizabethan Era of Hamlet. Corruption is epitomised in Hamlet through the character of Claudius who used the ambiguous method of murdering King Hamlet to satisfy his obsession for power. Claudiuss immoral and corrupt rise to power is illustrated in Act 1 scene 5 as King Hamlet states, The serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown. The metaphoric language present exemplifies Claudiuss unjust rise to power. Claudius has used corruption at the detriment of justice and virtue to proclaim power within Denmark. Furthermore, Claudius corrupt rise to power is further cemented into the kingdom of Denmark through Hippocratic characters such as Polonius and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. This can be reinforced as Hamlet states, there are many confines, wards and dungeons; Denmark being one oth worst. The extended metaphor of imprisonment not only encapsulates his view of C laudiuss corrupt kingdom but represents his feelings of being entrapped in an unstable political monarch. Therefore political instability and power occur through matters of corruption. Central to Hamlets development is the themes of intricacies of the human condition thus being life and death. Shakespeares usage of soliloquies depicts Hamlet thoughts and feelings strengthing Hamlets as a truth teller. This dramatic technique is used to reveals admiration of his father in contrast to Claudius. A hostile Hamlet illustrates the difference between the two kings, his deceased father and Claudius through the anthropomorphic allusion of his father to Claudius in being as Hyperion as the satyr. Thus suggesting Claudius who appears regal to be in reality like that of a lustfulness beast while his father to be that of a loyal God. The iambic pentameter present in the most part of the soliloquy is heavily disregarded as this line extends to fifteen syllables as to implore Hamlets distress. His turbulent response is furthermore illustrated by the enjambment which closely follows in the soliloquy indicating struggle to control his emotions. Imagery displays greater meaning in t he death of his Hamlets father. tis an unweeded garden, that grows to seed symbolises that the thrown has been overtook by weeds, that is Claudius, after what was before has died. Shakespeare imagery used allows the audience to view Hamlets thoughts graphically of the truth of the fratricide and incest in Elsinore. Shakespeares use of soliloquies reveals Hamlets thoughts into life and death and reveals the weight of the contemplation in this stream of consciousness. The speech is written in a fractured, fragmented manner which is symbolic of Hamlets internal struggle. Emphasis is placed upon the second last syllable rather than the last syllable, which draws upon the tradition of feminine rhyme further elucidating Hamlets inner turmoil. Anadiplosis is evident in the metonymic chain in this soliloquy between the association of sleeping with death. The use of metonymy stresses the introspection of Hamlet, as it is a technique often used to convey thought processes, as thinking is an associative practice. Shakespeare suggests through the characterisation of Hamlet that the fear of what will come after death makes individuals suffer the corrupt world as suicide would mean eternal damnation. This is again reflected in his statement, Thus consciousness does make cowards of all. Poignantly highlightin g Hamlets inability to execute his reprisal and his struggle to turn his desire for revenge into action, accentuating his restraint due to the fear of what his future will hold after death. Alas poor Yorick! Iknew him / Horatio a transcendent quotation and is a famous reflection on the fragility of life. It is in this soliloquy where Shakespeare reveals Hamlets intelligence, emotional complexity into the fate of us all as the themes of life and death follow on into his stream of consciousness. Hamlet is a play which both, reflects its own context and resonates with modern audiences. Through exploring themes such as the love, power and most highly life and death. Hamlet educates the modern responder about the Shakespearean context and allows them to relate to universal these themes. This combination will ensure that the text continues to be valued as significant through numerous contexts.

A Pragmatic Approach for Comparative Analysis of Linear and Rotary Generators :: Essays Papers

A Pragmatic Approach for Comparative Analysis of Linear and Rotary Generators ABSTRACT This paper identifies the need for consolidating analysis techniques for the purpose of designing linear electrical generation systems. Additionally, it identifies a need for concise system development tools that help designers make practical comparisons between linear and rotary machines. INTRODUCTION The basic principles for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy have been known for over a century. It would seem that after this much time, advancements in electrical generation should have reached their limits; however, up to the late 1980’s and early 90’s the use of linear generators for the generation of electricity has not been seriously considered [1] [4]. Linear generators and motors are classified as linear motion electromagnetic systems (LMESs) [1]. LMESs that are used as electric generators function by directly utilizing the translational (back and forth or up and down) thrust from mechanical systems to generate electricity as opposed to the more conventional generation approach of rotational mechanical energy conversion. For an engineer to determine the feasibility of using a linear electric generator in a system’s design many comparisons between rotary and linear machines must be made. Several points to consider when making this comparison include: practicality of using linear power generation for that particular system, cost to build and design, total system efficiency, role of modern day power electronics, type of driving force (linear or rotational) applied to the generator system, system power factor, force density and force ripple on the drive components, cost to maintain, and the system’s reliability. The relative weights of these considerations will vary from one system to the next. The motivation behind this question was the decision on whether to use a linear or rotary generator on a buoy driven, ocean wave electrical generator project [6]. During this decision process, many opinions and assumptions between these competing systems were made, but finding hard data that compa red the two methods was not readily available. Taking the time to thoroughly evaluate the electrical and mechanical technical aspects of this choice (rotary vs. linear) conflicted with the tight scheduling requirements of the project. This situation forced the team to make a best approximation based on limited experience instead of a deliberate and thoroughly evaluated approach. WHY LINEAR GENERATORS ARE USED Electrical energy generation is being expanded by creative innovation, and linear generators are a large part of this trend.

When Disruptive Technologies Attack

Christensen, in his article, it says that in the mainstream market, there is the idea of covering products that could sweep the mainstream trend in the market. This disruptive technologies appear not so in demand to the customers. However, as these disruptive technologies undergo improvement and continuously interrupt the flagship of the mainstream industry, it would make sense to the customers until it overrun the modern and mainstream trend in the market.And companies would tend to look for those products that have potential of being disruptive technologies, then eventually send it to the market and disturb the noise of the mainstream by the commotion of its disruption. Among the examples that have been presented by Christensen, I was most persuaded by his citation of the hard disk and its development in the industry. This example could be witnessed by every one of us.Aside from the fact that he presented a recent study on the particular hard disk industry, the hard facts and the d ata presented in the text were all comprehensive such that it showed clearly the trend of how the hard disks became one of disruptive technology. Also, nowadays, we really witnessed and experienced the disruption of hard disk industry especially those who owned a personal computer or computer notebook. This could be more appreciative in terms of the people and readers for them to understand more about the disruptive technologies and hot it works. There are different ways in which companies make these disruptive technologies.One of their way to come up with such product is through identification of the potentiality of a product, that is, if it could be disruptive or not. They use some basis like the supporters of the product to come out in the market. Obviously, those in higher positions like managers and marketing officers would disagree in disruptive technologies sine the incentive of making profit here is at high stake. Another way is that companies locate the target project after identifying one product if it is disruptive or not. In this case, they prefer the target which has lower risk of emerging the product as threat or otherwise, it would be a threat.It is one of the most critical ways since it would determine the outcome of being a disruptive product to the industry. And still, another way is the establishment of an organization that would be a fixed factor for the disruptive product to surpass the mainstream market. At this point, well established companies are mostly the ones who could form such organizations which are often called disruptive organization. At one point or another, Christensen’s thesis has managed to present all sides in the aspect of emerging disruptive technologies. Thus, no points of rebuttals could make sense after the good presentation of the trend and processes. Reference: Brower, J. L. and Christensen, C. M. (undate). Disruptive Technologies, Catching the Wave. Harvard Business Review ON POINT. Retrieved on September 27, 2007 from Harvard University Online Library on the World Wide Web: http://www.hbsp.com/relay.jhtml?name=mylibraryWhen Disruptive Technologies Attack

Drug Trafficking - 877 Words

Drug Trafficking in the United States Americans like to hide thoughts of the bad in society, one of these thoughts often hid or forget about is drug trafficking. Drug trafficking effects everyone from the one-percent down to the people of poverty. Billions of dollars of drugs are bought and sold, with billions more being spent to fight the trafficking of illicit drugs in the United State. With all the money spent to prevent drug trafficking Americans need to understand the harmful effects. Drug Trafficking is causing harm to the United States economically, brings violence to communities, and puts law enforcement in unnecessary danger. The economic strain put on the United States because of drug trafficking unquestionable. Since 1971, the†¦show more content†¦The communities were not only in urban populations, there were reports from rural Sheriff Departments of gang that would publicly acknowledge themselves. This is a very concerning truth to people who live in rural areas, the spread of gangs brings drugs and violence to once safe communities. In a 2009 ABC News article, up to one million gang members are to blame for eighty percent (80%) of crime in the United States [3]. In a 2008 speech given by Former FBI Director Robert Muller said Chicago law enforcement estimates there are at least 60,000 gang members in the community -- far outnumbering police officers. There are hundreds of homicides each year, the majority of which are gang-related. [3]. The realization of criminal organization and gang’s outnumbering law enforcement is a scary thought, how do law enforcement agencies stop a problem whe n there are more criminals than officers. Through community outreach programs, and by citizens alerting law enforcement to possible gang or other criminal organization activities the public can help stop the spread of drug trafficking, drug related violence, and the spread of gangs and other criminal organizations into their communities. The unnecessary danger placed on law enforcement agencies is a fact that normally gets overlooked by News sources. Stopthedrugwar.org, a website that follows the War on Drugs, reports that there is one death a week due the War on Drugs [4]. Many of those killed by law enforcementShow MoreRelatedAssesment of Drug Trafficking Example1058 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment of Human Trafficking Cole Bootz Arizona State University Abstract Assessing the crime of Human Trafficking over the Arizona border from Mexico there were a lot of effective methods and non-effective methods used when trying to prevent human trafficking. It was most commonly found in my research, there were more ineffective methods than effective ones. During the assessment I continually focus on the more positive ways to combat human trafficking because of the significant impactRead MoreMexican Trafficking And Drug Trafficking1341 Words   |  6 Pagesmurders, prostitution, drug dealing, extortion, human trafficking, gun trafficking, drug trafficking, car thief, and cartels wars. Have you ever been a victim of any of this crimes listed above in Mexico? Sadly most people who lived in Mexico tend to be victims of a crime. In Mexico 1 out of every 8,300 people are violently murdered. Most murder rates are in the borders near the United States. However the murder rate has gone down in most places. In the other hand drug trafficking and kidnapping has Read MoreDrug Trafficking1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe international drug trade from Latin American states is having an impact on a global scale. The trafficking of drugs along with corruptness and murder is an international conflict that is being fought daily. There are many aspects of the drug war from Mexico and other Latin American states which have effects on United States policy as well as policies from other countries that participate in the global suppression of illegal drugs. It can be hard to differentiate between conflict and issueRead MoreDrug Trafficking Organizations And Drugs1296 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Trafficking Organizations â€Å"Imagine living in a place where you can kill anyone you wish and nothing happens except that they fall dead† (Morris 216). With drug trafficking organizations people in Mexico live in a world where this is part of their everyday lives. More than 16,600 deaths were attributed to drug trafficking in 2011 (Schedler 6). People live in a world like the Wild West where there seems to be no social control. This is a problem because innocent people are losing their lives overRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Smuggling Drugs1246 Words   |  5 PagesSmuggling Drugs in Airports Over the recent past, there has been major growth in illegal trafficking of humans, firearms and most importantly drugs (UN, 2012). These kinds of trafficking are characterized by greater organisation levels. They are also denoted by the presence of criminal groups and chains. Though these activities are not new, both the geographic area and scale of the present problem is unprecedented. The value of illegal trade in 2009 throughout the world was about $1.3 trillion (JennerRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Trafficking1669 Words   |  7 Pagessome goods such as food, but restricting others like illegal immigration and drug trafficking. The US has been trying to stop drug smugglers and illegal immigration by setting some policies. When Salinas became the president of Mexico, his number one priority was to stop drug trafficking and smuggling it into the US so both countries could sit and talk about NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). Drug trafficking was and still is the number on e problem in Mexico. â€Å"During Salina’s six-year termRead MoreChildren in Drug Trafficking903 Words   |  4 PagesChildren In Drug Trafficking Child Forced Labor in Brazil is modern-day slavery. Worst forms of child labour in 19 countries and one border area. Investigations for these have been made through rapid assessment prepared jointly by ILO/UNICEF. â€Å"International Labour Organization (ILO) through the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) and the Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour (SIMPOC), has made a major commitment to the elimination of theRead MoreDrug Trafficking Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesDrug trafficking has been a major issue not only in this country but across the world. Drug trafficking has a major foothold in South America, more specifically Mexico and Colum- bia. Both these countries have given birth to some of the most notorious â€Å"Cartels† the world has ever seen. From Pablo Escobar to Joaquin â€Å"El Chapo† Guzman, these are just some of the infa- mous men who have established drug trafficking into the multi-billion dollar business it has be- come today. â€Å"Drug Trafficking OrganizationsRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Trafficking10787 Words   |  44 Pagesng in the United States Drug trafficking is the worldwide illegitimate trade, which involve the cultivating, producing, distributing and the selling of materials that are subject to the drug proscription laws. There are a number of drugs which are trafficked into the United States. These include, but are not limited to heroin, marijuana and cocaine. The system of drug trafficking in the United States as well as in other countries and continents remains very complex. Although the government and non-governmentRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Use And Trafficking843 Words   |  4 Pagesthe problem of drug use and trafficking and the multiple possibilities of solving this issue) It has come to my attention that a certain issue needs to be addressed and if this issue continues to grow then this town could see some serious changes and people could find themselves in serious dilemmas. The issue I am addressing is drug use and trafficking that has been known of for many years. Due to the fact that the least bit of attention has been brought upon drug trafficking it has begun to

Reflection Of A Reflective Leadership Retreats - 1084 Words

Retreating to Reflect and Recharge Rothschild (2014) believed that retreats offer opportunities for individuals to â€Å"visualize, organize, prioritize, and energize† (p. 10). These temporary escapes create intentional time for individuals to reflect and assess their daily circumstances from a different perspective. Reflective leadership retreats can result in valuable insights for both individuals and groups. Description of Leadership Retreat Dreher Park in West Palm Beach, Florida served as the backdrop for the seven-hour leadership retreat that I took part in along with Mark Giarrizzo, Geralda Joseph, and Erik Thebeau on Sunday, November 16, 2014. During this full-day retreat, time was predominantly spent alone reading and journaling,†¦show more content†¦The next morning, I awoke with a fresh perspective on a few of the dilemmas and decisions related to my job and my family with which I had been recently wrestling. Additionally, the morning brought with it welcome feelings of energy and optimism. The experience allowed me to, as Shryock (2011) described it, â€Å"unplug from electronic obligations and recharge the human battery† (p. 9). Learning from Nouwen Readings Nouwen’s (1989) work served as the primary text for our periods of reading and self-reflection. The following sub-sections will summarize the lessons I learned from the book. Leadership Lessons Accepting Nouwen’s (1989) characterization of a Christian leader as one who â€Å"thinks, speaks, and acts in the name of Jesus† challenged me to consider the fundamental ways in which Christian leaders should lead differently (p. 86). This notion shifted my perspective from seeing Christianity as an ethical framework that undergirds leaders’ actions and decisions to truly embracing the apostle Paul’s challenge to the Corinthians that they act as Christ’s ambassadors (2 Corinthians 5:20). Furthermore, Nouwen’s belief that Christian leaders should, like Jesus, be seen as irrelevant and completely vulnerable resonated with me. Christ-following leaders must seek spiritual truth for the daily, real-world problems that they face both at work and at home. Personal Lessons The retreat readings caused me toShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : Alpha s Vision And Values Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesrecruit women who will understand Beta Xi Chapter’s vision and values. 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Google Adsense An Advertisement - 1285 Words

Those who work with Web sites are all familiar with Google Adsense. Many people also place ads on the site, click and fall but get a lot less money. We will discuss some of this about how to earn more ads today. First Let s Know What is Google Adsense.... What is Google Adsense Google Adsense, Google the company is an ads unit. For Example: If you have a website or a YouTube Video Channel, you can ask Google to me that I want to advertise on this website or video Channel. When you Google ads on your site or video that goes with that, and when people click on ads or see, you pay Google. Google takes the money from the advertising of the original owner of the company. The money from the Google website or blog owners to pay 68% of the†¦show more content†¦4.Create Disclaimer Page Publish at least 25-30 content, of which 8-10 content is more than 1500+ wards and the rest is more than 700+ wards. 5.No copy/paste content can be published. 6.Do some SEO work for the blog and wait until it comes to some search traffic every day. 7.If you have used any other ad network ads, delete them. How to Sing Up for Google Adsense Account 1.When your blog is created and matches the above conditions, you can apply for a Google AdSense account. To apply for a Google AdSense account, first you have to go to this address and click on the Gate Started Now button. 2.Now if you want to sign-up with any of your previous Gmail accounts, click on Yes, Proceed to Google Account Sign-In button. 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Challenges International Cricket Council -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Challenges International Cricket Council? Answer: Introducation The name of the company that has been selected for the current assignment is New Zealand cricket which was formerly known as the New Zealand Cricket Council. It is the governing body for professional cricket in New Zealand. The organization is headquartered in Christchurch, New Zealand (Ryan, 2004). The New Zealand cricket is in the sports industry. It specializes in governing the professional cricket team of New Zealand. Cricket is one of the highest and most famous profile summer sports in New Zealand. Cricket industry has spread out across numerous nations of the world, and various tournaments are held in different countries (Blackshaw, 2013). New Zealand Cricket Council governs the professional cricket in New Zealand. It operates the New Zealand cricket team, organizes one-day internationals with other nations as well as test tours. It also organizes numerous domestic cricket within New Zealand that includes Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy local one-day competition as well as the Burger King Super Smash domestic 20-20 competition (Nzc.nz, 2017). The vision of New Zealand cricket is to make New Zealand cricket team one of the world's best cricket teams in sports history. The mission of New Zealand cricket is to organize cricket matches in international and within private grounds. It also aims to train talented and young cricketers into professional cricket players. New Zealand cricket also seeks to make the cricket team of New Zealand is one of the best teams in the history of sports (Blackshaw, 2013). Context The latest primary challenge that affected the New Zealand Cricket group is the accusation of match-fixing on the former team captain Chris Cairns by the then Chairman of the Indian Premier Lalit Modi. Modi accused Chris that he was involved match-fixing during the 2008 Indian Cricket League in which he participated. It was ascertained by the London court that Chris had convinced his team-mate to fix matches with him. This made Chris to be regarded as a hero and role model who had played for his country for over 17 years (Khan, 2012). However, his reputation was marred after the court indeed found him guilty and alongside Vincent, his teammate. It is marked as the most serious scandal in the history of New Zealand sports. Lalit Modi was the accuser of the New Zealand cricket team of being involved in the illegality by their captain in the 2008 Indian Cricket League, and yet it was among the leading cricket team globally (Nzherald.co.nz, 2017). The news was spread fast by the newspapers that are wide read in the UK and worldwide, that is the Daily Mail and Daily Telegraph. International acclaim also was in the forefront in disseminating the allegations put forth by Lalit Modi (Nzherald.co.nz, 2017). Then the chief executive responded that they were still investigating the source of the leak to the media to assure the stakeholders and safeguard the sports integrity. This response was not received well by many quarters with most of them terming it as a deflecting tactic by the ICC. The cricket correspondent in the Daily Mail Paul Newman referred to the chief executive as invisible. Richardson interview with the employers was just about conducting thorough investigations into the incidence of the leaked information (Rolph, 2013). Therefore, most quarters concluded that the leak was an eye-opener to the main challenges affecting cricket which are politics and power struggle over progress (Carpenter, 2012). Pitfalls Match fixing is practiced globally today. However, few nations have been accused of match-fixing alongside majority of the best teams more so in cricket. Although few countries have been directly responsible for match-fixing, most of the star teams have been involved in cricket spot match-fixing. Now the activity of match-fixing has advanced to power struggles and to control cricket by maligning the anti-corruption unit, ACSU. Typically, cricket is a systematic game and the crime of match-fixing or sport-fixing is carried out during the game. According to Lilley (2015), the outcomes of the game are predetermined prior which is in total contradiction of the law and sports ethics. It has substantially affected New Zealand Sports cricket. Even their response to the leaked statements has been regarded by most quarters as a deflection strategy. Also, people have lost confidence in the Chief Executive and the New Zealand crickets team. As a result, it is believed that the scandal is all about power struggle which is weakening the authority of ICC and control the independent anti-corruption unit. Consequently, the stakeholders have lost trust in the integrity of the team leading to the loss of reputation both locally and worldwide. The former team captain and star of the New Zealand National Cricket Team Chris Cairns, was found guilty and charged for match-fixing (Carpenter, 2012). According to the New Zealand Cricket, match-fixing has taken another dimension among the cricket stars as the act of power play to fix others for individual gain rather than for the tactical sporting reasons. For instance, the leaking of specific confidential information to the media was regarded by some as a matter of restoring the reputation of Vincent and Cairns whereas others viewed it as an actual illustration of the cricket leadership transforming to politics. Jewell (2014) asserts that technology advancement has also complicated online betting and offered easy grounds for criminals and some atheletes more so criceters to take part in match-fixing with the expectation of huge financial benefits in return. It seems that even the respected stars or instead leadership of the New Zealand cricket team like Chris Cairns, being swayed by this illegal activity and thus ready to compromise their reputation and that of the New Zealand cricket team. The corruption of the cricket by the betting syndicate has reduced the faith of millions of followers of cricket in New Zealand. For instance, former New Zealand captain Chris Cairns who has been a role model for every young cricketer has been accused of match-fixing when he was still a star player while participating in the 2008 Indian Cricket League. This is to exert more pressure on the upcoming cricketers who will need to toil extra hard to perform in the future sports due to such corruption. It will be challenging for cricket fans to conclude that the game was conducted fairly and the player gave his best. Even now people doubt whether indeed Chris Cairns was best in the game as he appeared to be or it was victory gained through dubious means like match-fixing (Davies, 2015). Since spot-fixing is different from total match-fixing, it is complicated to predict the spot-fixing. It usually involves manipulation. Spot-fixing is typically related to specific incidence within the game. Spot-fixing involves only a few members or minimum one member of the team. Therefore, the con is very much challenging to detect and is very much cost effective (Reade, 2014), hence the argument by the former chairman of the Indian Premier League, Lalit Modi that the New Zealand star may not have worn the 2008 Indian Cricket League. Merits The exposure of the illegal act of match-fixing by the then cricket hero Chris Cairns unfolded the fact that not all the critical cricket players performed genuinely and thus probed the development of the anti-corruption unit ICC to investigate any criminal allegations towards any match. The former New Zealand captain was found guilty and his reputation slandered, but the scandal increased the confidence of the stakeholders in the cricket sports industry. Also, new and upcoming players could rest assured that henceforth fairness in cricket games was to be restored at least (Davies, 2015). The scandal has also exposed the battle for control of cricket that is always in the background. This struggle for power control has been going on for the benefit few individuals and at the expense of the success of the sport. Therefore such exposure will most likely restore the quality of the cricket sport in New Zealand and beyond. Also, the Cairns scandal has sufficiently demonstrated the rot in the governance of cricket which was on its course to becoming extremely political at the expense of the beloved sport. Additionally, the trust of the stakeholders has been reassured through the scandal, and thus this will encourage any of the investors who perhaps wanted to withdraw from cricket but instead invest more, and even others may be attracted to invest in the sport owing to the resolution and measures put in place to avoid future illegality. These measures include the incorporation of several procedures and policies by the Governing body such as ACSU against match-fixing for any countrys cricket team. According to Harvey (2015), New Zealand cricket has also improvised a comprehensive framework that prevents and addresses any risk of match-fixing. The policies also required corporation of national sports organizations, the industry for sports betting as well as government agencies for implementing the provisions (Davies, 2015). Recommendations Match-fixing scandals cause issues and potential problems destroying the cricket games integrity and overall enjoyment by their fans. Since match-fixing is a fraud, it needs to be punished severely. The New Zealand cricket team scandal involving Carnis has cost the reputation of the New Zealand Cricket to fall drastically, making both New Zealand cricket fans as well as international cricket fans suspicious about them and to hate the national team (Blackshaw, 2013). The first step that New Zealand cricket team could have taken is to make the punishment for match-fixing and sport-fixing heftier. In addition to permanent burn of the guilty players or officials, the victory gained through illegal means should be restored to the second runners-up, and a penalty also imposed so that it can be clear on who was the right victor. The anti-corruption unit, ICC should also be empowered to promptly and boldly undertake any rising cases of illegality in cricket. This can be achieved by the creation of a specific government task force that is well equipped with the police to help in investigations and to deal with any intimidations since the alleged people involved match-fixing are obviously wealthy. Often players participating in such kind of scandals should be humiliated about their actions by punishing them severely by increasing the penalty, withdrawal of any awards previously earned in addition to total burn from participating in cricket games. This will serve to deter any future involvement in the scandal Davies (2015). Government laws and policies should be incorporated that counters the spot match-fixing. Furthermore, the cricket betting industry should be legalized. This will help to monitor the betting industry about the number of betting companies and ensure that they are registered and open to scrutiny. Thus it will be accessible to follow-up any allegations of match-fixing and decision on the winner be made in time. Like the case of the former New Zealand cricket captain whose victory was challenged years later and found to be true that he indeed was involved in match-fixing hence the reason why he was worn and was perceived to be a hero (Harvey, 2015). Therefore, the only potential way of mitigating the issue of spot-fixing in cricket is by making cricket betting legal. According to Jewell (2014), making the cricket betting illegal has allowed underworld characters to dominate the sports outcomes in New Zealand society. Regulating and legalizing cricket bets cannot eliminate the fixing. However, it can be put in check, since betting and bookings will be carried out in an open view. Just like the case of Carnis, if the betting companies were registered then it would have been easier to prove that the accused indeed was involved in the illegality and therefore be denied the victory and be barred in time, and this could have helped in retaining the integrity of New Zealand cricket sports (Lilley, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that the most significant sports scandals of New Zealand have made Chris Cairns, Lou Vincent, Daryl Tuffey and others to be a part of an unethical act that ultimately diminished the reputation of New Zealand Cricket team. The scandal hampered the status of the organization making the mission and vision statements of the council look like a mere joke. Integrity and hard work is a fundamental principle in any sports. The match-fixing violates such values. The corruption by match-fixing caused the New Zealand Cricket council to lose the confidence of fans on them. It also subjected the company to become internationally recognized as a corrupted firm. The shattered reputation will also affect the sports sector of New Zealand. Cricket has been one of the essential sports of New Zealand. Since New Zealand Cricket has been the epicenter of the corruption scandal, fans will lose interest in cricket. This will result in decreased season ticket sales to the game and also im pact the selling of the cricket merchandise items. Youngsters will get attracted to other sports like soccer, and cricket fans will eventually conclude that cricket is a wholly corrupted game. Further, New Zealand cricket team will also lose its reputation in the different grounds. Furthermore, the organization did not handle the scandal more efficiently because the response of the Chief executive was in itself an affirmation of the rot that existed in the cricket team. The CEO David Richardson of the organization could have come out openly and state what had happened since the scandal had gone viral after being featured both in the Daily Mail and the Daily Telegraph. Also, the primary objective of the CEO should have been to preserve the integrity and dignity of the organization in preference to any other including his. References Blackshaw, I. (2013). Match fixing in sport: a top priority and ongoing challenge for sports governing bodies.De Jure,46(4), 945-956. Carpenter, K. (2012). Match-FixingThe Biggest Threat to Sport in the 21st Century?.International sports law review,2(1), 13-24. Davies, C. (2015). Match and spot fixing: Challenges for the International Cricket Council. Harvey, A. (2015). Match-fixing: Working towards an ethical framework.Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,42(3), 393-407. Jewell, S., Reade, J. J. (2014).On Fixing International Cricket Matches(No. em-dp2014-08). Henley Business School, Reading University. Khan, S. (2012). Case Comment: Cairns v Modi.Computer and Telecommunications Law Review,18, 13-14. Lilley, E. (2015). A Review of the recommendations of the'Report of the Sports Betting Integrity Panel'in assessing the progress towards tackling Match-fixing in Sport.Laws of the Game,1(1), 37. Nzc.nz (2017). New Zealand Cricket [online]. Retrieved from: https://nzc.nz/ Nzherald.co.nz (2017). Cricket match fixing: Whos pulling the strings? [online]. Retrieved from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4objectid=11261043 Rolph, D. (2013). Defamation by social media. Ryan, G. (2004).The making of New Zealand cricket, 1832-1914. Psychology Press.